Ionic Liquid-Based Vortex-Assisted Liquid–Liquid Microextraction for Simultaneous Determination of Neonicotinoid Insecticides in Fruit Juice Samples

Abstract

A simple, rapid, and effective method was developed for preconcentration of neonicotinoid insecticides including clothianidin, imidacloprid, acetamiprid, and thiacloprid in fruit juice samples. Room-temperature ionic liquids [C 4 MIM][PF 6 ] can be used as green extractant phases in vortex-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction (VALLME), being compatible with high-performance liquid chromatographic systems. The effect of extraction parameters, including the addition of salt, volume of (C 4 MIM)(PF 6 ), vortex time, and centrifugation time is identified as the key parameters of the method. Under the selected conditions, the high enrichment factors of 100 could be achieved with the limit of detection in the range of 0.25-0.30 ng mL −1 and with the relative standard deviations of lower than 2.68 and 5.38 % for retention time and peak area, respectively. The proposed method was applied to the analysis of fruit juice samples, and the recoveries of the analytes ranged from 95 to 108 % and relative standard deviations were lower than 7 %. The developed method proposes advantages in reduction of the exposure danger to toxic organic solvents used in the conventional liquid-liquid extraction, simplicity of the extraction processes, rapidity, and sensitivity improvement.

One-step ionic liquid-based ultrasound-assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography for the determination of pyrethroids in traditional Chinese medicine oral liquid preparations

“…The proper extraction solvent is vital for the success of the IL-DLLME process. The proper extraction solvent should have several key characteristics, including good chromatographic behavior, higher density than water, and lower water solubility [22, 24]. Three hydrophobic ILs ([C 4 MIM][PF 6 ], [C 6 MIM][PF 6 ] and [C 8 MIM][PF 6 ]) were studied for IL-UA-DLLME in this study.…”

Determination of pyrethroid residues in herbal tea using temperature-controlled ionic liquid dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction by high performance liquid chromatography

“…According to some liternature 39,40 Influence of kinds and volume of dispersive solvent. Two organic solvents, acetonitrile and methanol, which have appropriate miscibility in both the IL and aqueous phases, were selected for this study.…”

In-Situ Formation of Modified Nickel–Zinc-Layered Double Hydroxide Followed by HPLC Determination of Neonicotinoid Insecticide Residues

“…Due to their high polarity and low volatility, neonicotinoid insecticides are usually determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with different detection methods, including ultraviolet [ 6 , 7 ], diode arrays [ 8 ], fluorescence [ 9 ] and mass spectrometry [ 10 ]. Although a MS detector provides more sensitivity and selectivity than a UV-based detector for monitoring target compounds in complex samples, it is a very expensive and complex instrument [ 11 ].…”