Ionic Liquid Effects on the Activity of β-Glycosidase for the Synthesis of Salidroside in Co-solvent Systems

Effect of deep eutectic solvents on the biocatalytic properties of β-glucosidase@ZnOFe nano-biocatalyst

“…The use of immobilized enzyme with magnetic capabilities enables the easy recovery of the nanobiocatalyst, whereas in the case of non-immobilized enzyme, separation steps are needed for the recovery of the product (Delavault et al, 2022;Tong et al, 2004). Moreover, in previous works ionic liquids and organic solvents were explored as co-solvents for the enzymatic preparation of salidroside (Bi et al, 2012;Tong et al, 2004); However, most of these solvents are considered harmful. More specifically, dioxane as co-solvent exhibited a favourable effect on the production yield of salidroside, but its use is of major concern.…”

Enzymatic Synthesis of Alkyl Glucosides byβ‐Glucosidases in a 2‐in‐1 Deep Eutectic Solvent System

“…After the successful demonstration of various sugar synthons esterification with different fatty acid building blocks employing lipases in DES [39,40], whereby the sugar component can act as a solvent component and as a substrate at the same time [33,35,36,40], this study showed that glycosidases can also be used in DES for the synthesis of AGs according to the 2-in-1 concept. In other studies, presented so far, DES had mainly been used as a co-solvent [26][27][28][29]. In addition, the use of an inexpensive technical enzyme formulation instead of a highly pure enzyme from almonds was demonstrated for the first time.…”

“…Deep eutectic solvents (DES) that are made from inexpensive renewable raw materials 30 are an interesting alternative to organic solvents 25 or ionic liquids 26. After the successful demonstration of various sugar synthons esterification with different fatty acid building blocks employing lipases in DES 39, 40, whereby the sugar component can act as a solvent component and as a substrate at the same time 33, 35, 36, 40, this study showed that glycosidases can also be used in DES for the synthesis of AGs according to the 2‐in‐1 concept.…”

“…In addition to the selection of inexpensive technical enzymes with high activity and high regioselectivity for synthesis, two major challenges remain: choosing reaction media that not only solubilizes well the sugar-as well as the fatty acid-or fatty alcohol-substrate-components but also retains the activity and stability of enzymes over longer time periods. Deep eutectic solvents (DES) that are made from inexpensive renewable raw materials [30] are an interesting alternative to organic solvents [25] or ionic liquids [26]. After the successful demonstration of various sugar synthons esterification with different fatty acid building blocks employing lipases in DES [39,40], whereby the sugar component can act as a solvent component and as a substrate at the same time [33,35,36,40], this study showed that glycosidases can also be used in DES for the synthesis of AGs according to the 2-in-1 concept.…”

“…In more recent studies, Bi et al [26,27] demonstrated that the addition of ionic liquids as co-solvents to a phosphate buffer-dioxane reaction system could improve reaction rate and yield of salidroside synthesis with b-glucosidase from black plum seed meal. Furthermore, Xu et al [28] and Uhoraningoga et al [29] showed that deep eutectic solvents (DES) are suitable co-solvents for b-glucosidase reactions.…”