Ionic Liquids as Solvents and/or Catalysts in Polymerization

Vijayakrishna, Kari; Manojkumar, Kasina; Sivaramakrishna, Akella

doi:10.1007/978-3-662-44903-5_13

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 143 publications

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“…The polystyrene side chains were evenly distributed on the starch backbone of the obtained copolymer. ILs are widely used as solvents or catalysts in various kinds of polymerization (cationic polymerization, anionic polymerization, radical polymerization, coordination polymerization, condensation polymerization, enzymatic polymerization) due to their easy miscibility with polar and non-polar organic and inorganic solvents, catalysts (inorganic and organometallic compounds), monomers, and polymers [ 68 ]. Abdolmaleki et al used ILs (pyrrolidinium bisulfate [H-NMP][HSO 4 ], pyrrolidinium chloride [H-NMP][Cl], and morpholinium bisulfate [H-Mor][HSO 4 ]) as acid catalysts to prepare biodegradable polycaprolactone by ring-opening polymerization [ 69 ].…”

Section: Ils As Starch Solvents Compatibilizers and Plasticizersmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Importance of Ionic Liquids in the Modification of Starch and Processing of Starch-Based Materials

2020

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The main applications of ionic liquids in chemistry and material research on one of the most important natural polymers—starch—are presented in this review. A brief characterization of ionic liquids and the advantages and disadvantages of using them in the modification and processing of polysaccharides is presented. The latest reports on the use of various ionic liquids as solvents or co-solvents; as media for synthesizing starch derivatives in oxidation, etherification, esterification, and transesterification, with particular emphasis on biocatalyzed reactions; and as plasticizers or compatibilizers in the processing of starch-based polymers have been investigated. The current trends, possibilities, and limitations of using this type of compound for the production of functional starch-based materials are presented.

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Section: Ils As Starch Solvents Compatibilizers and Plasticizersmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Importance of Ionic Liquids in the Modification of Starch and Processing of Starch-Based Materials

2020

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“…Ionic liquids (ILs) are known as salts composed by organic cations and a variety of anions, showing melting points below 100 °C. , ILs have been attracting increasing interest in several areas due to their tunable physicochemical properties such as high thermal, electrochemical, and chemical stability (with a typical decomposition temperature above 350 °C), negligible vapor pressure, high density and ionic conductivity, nonflammability, and nonvolatility . Further, ILs are considered as green solvents, with excellent solubility and miscibility with different polymeric, organic and inorganic compounds . The ILs properties can be tuned for specific applications based on their large cation/anion combinations and/or through the incorporation of functional groups .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 Further, ILs are considered as green solvents, with excellent solubility and miscibility with different polymeric, organic and inorganic compounds. 4 The ILs properties can be tuned for specific applications based on their large cation/anion combinations and/or through the incorporation of functional groups. 5 Moreover, also the alkyl chain length allows one to design and tailor ILs with appropriate properties such as hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity and conductivity.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Sensitive Humidity Sensor Based on Ionic Liquid–Polymer Composites

Fernandes

Correia

Pereira

et al. 2019

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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Polymer composites comprising the ionic liquid (IL) [Bmim][FeCl4] and poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) have been developed for humidity sensing applications. Different IL contents (5, 10, and 20 wt %) were incorporated into the PVDF matrix and the morphological, physical–chemical and electrical properties of the composites evaluated, together with their humidity sensitivity response. Higher IL contents (20 wt %) induce a porous morphology in the composites. Further, IL incorporation leads to the crystallization of PVDF in the electroactive β phase, which content increases with the incorporation of IL into the polymer. The thermal stability of the composites decreases with increasing IL content. The humidity sensing response of the composites was evaluated with relative humidity variations from 35 to 90%. It is shown that all composites exhibit a linear resistance variation with the relative humidity, the sensitivity to humidity variations increasing linearly with the IL content. The developed materials show a strong potentiality for printable humidity sensors.

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“…The use of ILs in polymer science is not limited to their application as solvents. [3,15] The physical-chemical properties of ILs can be tuned for specific applications by the cooperative combination of their cationic and anionic components. However, task-specific ILs are still little explored as catalysts of polymerization reactions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymerization of N‐Butyl Vinyl Ether Catalyzed by Iron‐Containing Imidazolium‐Based Ionic Liquid

Agner

Zimermann

Silva

et al. 2023

Macro Reaction Engineering

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The iron‐containing imidazolium‐based ionic liquids (ILs) 1‐n‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium heptachlorodiferrate (BMI.Fe2Cl7) and 1‐n‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrachloroferrate (BMI.FeCl4) are applied as catalysts in the homogeneous polymerization of n‐butyl vinyl ether. Both solventless conditions as well as using different organic solvents, catalyst concentrations, temperatures, and reaction times are tested to assess the polymerization conditions that lead to the highest molecular weights of poly(n‐butyl vinyl ether). The Lewis acidic IL BMI.Fe2Cl7 proves to be highly efficient, even at low catalyst concentrations. In bulk polymerization, polymers with 142 kg mol−1 are obtained using a 1:10000 molar ratio of catalyst to monomer. In solution polymerization, the monomer consumption is also rapid and the molecular weight of the polymer is related to the catalyst concentration used. These results indicate the potential of this catalyst for industrial applications. In contrast with the acidic IL, the neutral iron‐containing imidazolium‐based IL BMI.FeCl4 does not show any catalytic activity.

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Ionic Liquids as Solvents and/or Catalysts in Polymerization

Cited by 9 publications

References 143 publications

The Importance of Ionic Liquids in the Modification of Starch and Processing of Starch-Based Materials

The Importance of Ionic Liquids in the Modification of Starch and Processing of Starch-Based Materials

Highly Sensitive Humidity Sensor Based on Ionic Liquid–Polymer Composites

Polymerization of N‐Butyl Vinyl Ether Catalyzed by Iron‐Containing Imidazolium‐Based Ionic Liquid

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