Ionic Polymer–Metal Composite Actuators Obtained from Radiation-Grafted Cation- and Anion-Exchange Membranes

Park, Jong Hyuk; Han, Man Jae; Song, Dae Seock; Jho, Jae Young

doi:10.1021/am507092p

Cited by 29 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…34,35 IPMC actuators and bucky gel actuators, which are so-called dry actuators based on commercially available fluorinated polymers and ionic liquids, have thus attracted immense interest. [36][37][38] There have been considerable efforts to obtain high levels of strain for such actuators; unfortunately, slow switching speed [39][40][41] and back relaxation 36,42 remain a challenge. Another long-standing problem of most lowvoltage EAP actuators is the low generated force (a few tens of millinewton), 43 which is far below the value of Newtonian force that the current biomechanics require.…”

Section: Seung Jae Kimmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…39 Jho et al investigated IPMC actuators by modifying commercially available poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVdF) with grafted cationic or anionic moieties, showing precise control over the actuation performance with attached ionic side chains. 40 Likewise, more extensive research on polymer layers has been conducted for IPMC actuators than for conjugated polymer actuators; however, they are still limited to commercially available polymers. 23,24,39,40,58 Fig.…”

Section: Ipmc Actuatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…40 Likewise, more extensive research on polymer layers has been conducted for IPMC actuators than for conjugated polymer actuators; however, they are still limited to commercially available polymers. 23,24,39,40,58 Fig. 2 shows the chemical structures of various polymers that have been employed for IPMC actuators by several research groups.…”

Section: Ipmc Actuatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Low-voltage-driven soft actuators

Kim

Park

2018

Chem. Commun.

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Soft actuators based on electroactive polymers (EAPs) are the core constituents of future soft robots owing to their fascinating properties such as lightweight, compactness, easy fabrication into various forms, and low cost. Ionic EAP actuators are particularly attractive owing to the low driving voltages (<3 V) as compared to those of electronic EAP actuators (usually kilovolts). This paper presents a brief overview of the recent progress in a range of EAP actuators by focusing on low voltage operation, in addition to the challenges and future strategies for their wide applicability in artificial muscles and various innovative soft robot technologies.

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Section: Seung Jae Kimmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ipmc Actuatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ipmc Actuatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Low-voltage-driven soft actuators

Kim

Park

2018

Chem. Commun.

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“…Other reports document the use of imidazolium cations, among others, and anions such as trifluoromethane sulfonate (TfO) to prepare PVDF‐based IPMCs 214,228–232. Modifying PVDF with polar groups such as sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) or sulfonic grafts has been shown by Panwar et al and others to increase the hydrophilicity of the networks and improve ion intercalation 233–239…”

Section: Ionic Electroactive Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Materials as Machines

2020

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of responsive materials as machines is in robotics. The vision, leadership, and research of Bar-Cohen is seminal in both invigorating and focusing current-day research activities to develop responsive materials [2] and implement [3] them as lightweight, dexterous, and gentle (e.g., soft) robotic elements. In this spirit, this review exhaustively details the materials, the nature of their stimuli-response, and discusses considerations for their implementation in robotic systems and subsystems.Robotics is a well-established but growing field of research. Sustained progress in both performance and functionality continue to be realized in commercial robotic systems largely based on conventional materials and their integration with mechanisms. A recent example is the Atlas robot from Boston Dynamics [4] (Figure 1a). The incorporation of stimuli-responsive materials in robotics has largely focused on component-level demonstrations to extend the performance of a subsystem (such as a hand or gripper).Stimuli-responsive materials, spanning nearly all classes of materials and size scales, are currently subject to widespread examination in corporate, government, and academic research laboratories (Figure 1b-d). [5][6][7] In some cases, these materials have already found widespread commercial implementation in end use and are comparatively mature. The materials and fundamentals of their responses are summarized in Figure 2. Shape memory alloys (SMAs) and ceramic piezoelectric materials are distinctive in that they are hard, stimuli-responsive materials. Deformation of these materials can produce large energy densities due to their inherent stiffness. Electroactive polymers (EAPs) remain a topic of considerable interest, particularly dielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs). Engineered systems are rapidly emerging and enabling performance gains in robotics, largely based on pneumatic or fluidic (such as HASEL [8] actuators) transport processes that localize deformation to generate force or produce motion. Soft materials, such as shape memory polymers (SMPs), hydrogels, and liquid crystalline polymer networks (LCNs) and elastomers (LCEs) may offer distinctive functional performance to robotic systems in allowing local control of deformation without the need for complex interfacing with mechanisms. As will be evident, each of these materials has inherent advantages and performance tradeoffs that must be considered in functional implementations. However, responsive material systems have a common obstacle to widespread use: the performance and Machines are systems that harness input power to extend or advance function. Fundamentally, machines are based on the integration of materials with mechanisms to accomplish tasks-such as generating motion or lifting an object. An emerging research paradigm is the design, synthesis, and integration of responsive materials within or as machines. Herein, a particular focus is the integration of responsive materials to enable robotic (machine) functions such as gripping, lifting, or motility (walk...

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“…8 Therefore, IPMCs store electrical energy in a double interface and convert it into mechanical output by reversible ion intercalation and de-intercalation of electrodes. 9,10 Ion exchange membranes, 11 the charge and mobility of the cations 12 the solvent content of the polymer, 13 the structure and capacitance of the electrodes 14 and the specic interactions between the electrode material and the cations 12,15 are signicant factors that largely inuence the actuation performance of IPMCs. Under long-term actuation in open air, however, Naon-based IPMC actuators become dehydrated due to the leakage of the inner electrolyte and hydrated cations through cracks in the metallic electrodes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%