Ionic Thermocurrents in Dielectrics

Bucci, C.; Fieschi, R.; Guidi, G.

doi:10.1103/physrev.148.816

Cited by 925 publications

(309 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The principle of the DTC method is relatively simple [12]: The sample is polarized by an applied electric field Ep at a temperature Tv. This polarization is subsequently frozen in by cooling the sample down to a temperature To sufficiently low to prevent depolarization by thermal energy.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dielectric Behaviour of Ice Microcrystals Dispersed within Suspensions: A DTC Study

Pissis

Apekis

Christodoulides

et al. 1982

Zeitschrift Für Naturforschung A

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The dielectric properties of water-in-oil (W/O) suspensions have been studied by means of the depolarization thermocurrent (DTC) method in the temperature range of 85-250 K. Two predominant peaks have been observed at about 140 and 225 K. Evidence has been obtained that the peak at 140 K and the dielectric absorption observed by many investigators at sub-zero temperatures in the kHz frequency range are due to the same relaxation mechanism.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dielectric Behaviour of Ice Microcrystals Dispersed within Suspensions: A DTC Study

Pissis

Apekis

Christodoulides

et al. 1982

Zeitschrift Für Naturforschung A

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“…where Q o is the total charge released during an ITC run and T ′ is an arbitrary temperature in the temperature range T F to T. The value of Q o is determined from the area of the ITC spectrum using the relation [3] [4]…”

Section: Suggested Experimental Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Saturation polarization ( ) p P T is obtained through the application of electric field P E at the polarization temperature p T for a time large in comparison to its relaxation time at p T as shown in the range B to C of Figure 1. For recording the ionic thermocurrent (ITC) measurement [3] [4] such polarized IV dipoles with the electric field P E still on are rapidly cooled down to a fairly low temperature 0 T as shown in …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Method for Polarizing More Number of Impurity-Vacancy Dipoles

Prakash¹,

Prasad²

2016

JAMP

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Free rotating impurity-vacancy (IV) dipoles in an alkali halide matrix are polarized to the extent of 1/3 of the total number of IV dipoles. An experimental procedure is suggested in this article which will help in the polarization of IV dipoles to the extent of 2/3 of the total number of IV dipoles. In the suggested experimental procedure, the electric field will be applied at first in one direction and then will be applied in succession in opposite direction. Ionic thermocurrent technique is employed to ascertain the increase in polarization of IV dipoles.

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“…

The use of TSDC analysis [1][2][3][4] for iced water has only been carried out by a limited number of researches. [5][6][7][8][9][10] Jeneveau et al 6 found three major depolarizing current J peaks on J-Temperature (-170 --20˚C) curves, obtained at a heating rate (β) of 3.0˚C/min.

…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Ice Water by the Thermally Stimulated Depolarized Current (TSDC) Method

2005

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The use of TSDC analysis [1][2][3][4] for iced water has only been carried out by a limited number of researches. [5][6][7][8][9][10] Jeneveau et al. 6 found three major depolarizing current J peaks on J-Temperature (-170 --20˚C) curves, obtained at a heating rate (β) of 3.0˚C/min. Three peaks at -154˚C, -113˚C and -94˚C were found to have activation energies (Ea) of 20.2, 27.0 and 57.8 kJ/mol, respectively. Pissis et al. 7 reported three peaks at -148˚C with an activation energy (Ea) of 24.2 kJ/mol and at -111˚C and -48˚C with no Ea data obtained at β = 3.5˚C/min. They also later reported three peaks at -165˚C with Ea = 23.2 kJ/mol, at -154˚C with Ea = 29.9 kJ/mol and at -53˚C with Ea = 40.6 kJ/mol, obtained at β = 3.0˚C/min. 9 The peak temperature might be dependent on β, the polarizing temperature (Tp), the electrode utilized, and very small amounts of ionic contaminants. Herein, we report on results of the iced water structure, analyzed by TSDC, as a function of β and the polarizing voltage, with a consideration of the contaminant upon TSDC application to tap water samples. Experimental Water samplesSuper pure water (SPW), ion-exchanged water (IEW) and distilled water (DSW) were utilized. SPW was prepared by the ultra-filtration of DSW using acrylic micro-filter and ultrafilters. IEW was prepared by a Millipore apparatus. DSW was prepared by distilling tap water. The IEW was used as the standard for all experiments discussed in this paper. The main cation concentrations, pH values, electric-conductivities (EC) and dissolved oxygen concentrations (DO) are collected in Table 1. Cations other than Si 2+ (ca. 100 ppb for IEW, DSW) were found to be in negligibly small amounts (less than 2 ppb). Naturally, the electric-conductivity of IEW was smaller than that for DSW. However, that of SPW was slightly larger than that of IEW. The reason is not clear, but it might be related to the fact that the dissolved oxygen level of SPW is high. As can be seen in Table 1, IEW has an EC of 0.35 -0.39 µS/cm (25˚C) and a dissolved-oxygen concentration of 4.12 -5.13 ppm. The IEW was determined to contain Si 2+ , Fe 3+ , K + , Zn 2+ , Na + in concentrations of only 97, 0.51, 0.47, 0.12 and 0.05 ppb, respectively, without any detectable Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ . In order to examine the influence of various cations in the water on the TSDC profiles, the water samples containing 2 -100 ppm levels of K + , Li + , Na + , Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ were prepared by dissolving the corresponding hydroxides in the IEW. Guaranteed-grade deuterated water (HW, NMR use) was also used as a reference. TSDC measurements were also made on tap water for drinking (TWD, Takatsuki city) and two tap water samples for industrial use (TWI) (Takatsuki city, Tonegawa), which have much higher cation contents (see Table 1). Quantitative ion analyses (EC, pH and DO) for all water samples were carried out on an atomic-absorption spectrophotometer (Shimadzu Co., Ltd. AA-6400F, flame emission type), EC meter (Toa-Denpa Co., Ltd.), pH meter and DO meter (Horiba, Ltd.), respectivel...

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Ionic Thermocurrents in Dielectrics

Cited by 925 publications

References 13 publications

Dielectric Behaviour of Ice Microcrystals Dispersed within Suspensions: A DTC Study

Dielectric Behaviour of Ice Microcrystals Dispersed within Suspensions: A DTC Study

A Method for Polarizing More Number of Impurity-Vacancy Dipoles

Analysis of Ice Water by the Thermally Stimulated Depolarized Current (TSDC) Method

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