Ionization of the lower ionosphere during the x-ray solar flare on September 6, 2017

Ryakhovskiy, Iliya; Гаврилов, Б. Г.; Lyakhov, A. N.; Poklad, Yu. V.; Bekker, Susanna; Козлов, С. И.

doi:10.1117/12.2504402

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…In contrast to the Siskind et al (2022), Singh et al (2014), Thomson et al (2005), Ryakhovskiy et al (2018), where data of radiophysical measurements were used to solve the inverse problem of reconstructing exponential profile of Ne (Ferguson, 1995;Wait & Spies, 1964), in this paper verification is carried out directly on high-precision low-noise experimental data of the amplitude and phase of the signal.…”

Section: Model Verification With the Use Of Ground-based Radiophysica...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The lower ionosphere of Earth experiences continuous seasonal and diurnal changes, and is sensitive to fluctuations in solar radiation fluxes caused by X‐ray flares of various classes (Grubor et al., 2005, 2008; Kumar et al., 2015; Mitra, 1974; Nina et al., 2011; Poppoff & Whitten, 1962; Ryakhovskiy et al., 2018; Thomson et al., 2004, 2005). Concurrently, variations in ionospheric parameters have a strong effect on the propagation of radio waves over a wide frequency range.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison and Verification of the Different Schemes for the Ionization‐Recombination Cycle of the Ionospheric D‐Region

2022

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The issue of modeling the Earth's lower ionosphere in calm and disturbed conditions remains one of the most urgent issues in atmospheric research. The difficulty of obtaining experimental data at heights of the D-region (50-90 km) hinders the construction of good quality empirical models of ionospheric parameters; therefore, the dynamics of the component concentrations under conditions of disturbances (e.g., X-ray flares) are typically described by theoretical models of varying complexity. Considering the dynamics of a large number of charged and small neutral components allows, a more detailed and interconnected description of the photochemistry of the medium (

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Section: Model Verification With the Use Of Ground-based Radiophysica...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison and Verification of the Different Schemes for the Ionization‐Recombination Cycle of the Ionospheric D‐Region

2022

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“…Despite low electron concentrations in the D region under quiet conditions, the increase in Ne during X‐ray flares is several orders of magnitude (Basak & Chakrabarti, 2013) and, as a result, makes a significant contribution to the change in the total electron content. In (Nina, 2022; Ryakhovskiy et al., 2018), the TEC increment in the D region was estimated using the two‐parameter Wait‐Ferguson model (Ferguson, 1995), which describes the vertical profile of the electron concentration exponentially. The dynamics of this model parameters ( β and h ′) are calculated using experimental variations in the amplitude and phase of VLF signals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of the Contribution of the Ionospheric D Region to the TEC Value During a Series of Solar Flares in September 2017

Bekker,

Ryakhovsky

2024

JGR Space Physics

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The paper presents the results of a numerical assessment of the contribution of the ionospheric D region to the total electron content during six powerful X‐ray flares that occurred in September 2017. The calculation of the electron concentration in the lower ionosphere was carried out using a plasma‐chemical model of the ionospheric D region. This model was verified using the data of ground‐based radiophysical measurements in the VLF (very low frequency) range and data of the incoherent scattering radar. To calculate the ionization rate at the D region heights, we used real data on the radiation flux measured by the GOES and SDO satellites during the considered flares. The total electron content was estimated using GNSS data. As a result of the analysis, it was found that the contribution of the lower ionosphere to the TEC change varied from 7% to 23% for flares with different spectra. A functional dependency has been obtained that can be used to estimate the contribution of the D region to the TEC increment depending on the spectrum of the flare.

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“…The state of the lower ionosphere parameters is determined by the latitude, longitude (Brunelli & Namgaladze, 1988) and space weather factors, such as solar cosmic rays, magnetospheric storms, precipitation of charged particles, ionizing electromagnetic radiation (Kumar & Kumar, 2018; Kumar et al., 2015, 2017; Maurya et al., 2012, 2018; Peter et al., 2006; Thomson et al., 2004, 2005). Solar flares are accompanied by considerably increased intensity of X ‐radiation, which leads to a significant change in the electron concentration in the illuminated area of the lower ionosphere (Grubor et al., 2005, 2008; Mitra, 1974; Nina et al., 2011; Poppoff & Whitten, 1962; Ryakhovskiy et al., 2018). Such Ne variations significantly distort the amplitude and phase characteristics of the very low frequency (VLF) signals within a frequency range of 3–30 kHz propagating in the Earth‐ionosphere waveguide with the D ‐region as its upper boundary (Brunelli & Namgaladze, 1988; Gavrilov, Ermak, et al., 2019; Han et al., 2011; Hargreaves, 1995; Schunk & Nagy, 2009; Wait & Spies, 1964).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling of the Lower Ionosphere During Solar X‐Ray Flares of Different Classes

2021

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This study presents the results obtained from modeling the lower ionosphere response to C‐, M‐ and X‐class solar X‐ray flares. This model is based on a 5‐component scheme for the ionization‐recombination cycle of the ionospheric D‐region. Input parameters for the plasma‐chemical model under different heliogeophysical conditions corresponding to selected X‐ray flares were determined by using data received from the AURA, SDO, and GOES satellites. Verification of the obtained results was carried out with use of ground‐based radiophysical measurements taken at the geophysical observatory Mikhnevo. The results obtained from a comparison of the calculated and experimental radio wave amplitude variations along six European very low frequency (VLF) paths show that the average normalized root mean square error is ∼7%, 14%, and 18% for C‐, M‐, and X‐class flares, respectively. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the verification results for the VLF signal amplitude show good predictive capability of the model built for describing weak and moderate ionospheric disturbances.

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Ionization of the lower ionosphere during the x-ray solar flare on September 6, 2017

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Comparison and Verification of the Different Schemes for the Ionization‐Recombination Cycle of the Ionospheric D‐Region

Comparison and Verification of the Different Schemes for the Ionization‐Recombination Cycle of the Ionospheric D‐Region

Estimation of the Contribution of the Ionospheric D Region to the TEC Value During a Series of Solar Flares in September 2017

Modeling of the Lower Ionosphere During Solar X‐Ray Flares of Different Classes

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