Ionospheric characteristics prior to the greatest earthquake in recorded history

Villalobos, C.; Bravo, M.; Ovalle, E.; Foppiano, A. J.

doi:10.1016/j.asr.2015.09.015

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…A distinguishing feature of our analysis is the multiparameter approach, which takes into account the variations of three parameters simultaneously in Es and regular F2 layers (Korsunova and Khegay, 2008;Perrone et al, 2010;Villalobos et al, 2016). Perrone et al (2010) have considered all crustal M > 5.0 earthquakes and a hypocentral depth < 50 km, and with the ionospheric observatory inside the preparation zone.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionospheric anomalies detected by ionosonde and possibly related to crustal earthquakes in Greece

et al. 2018

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Abstract. Ionosonde data and crustal earthquakes with magnitude M ≥ 6.0 observed in Greece during the 2003-2015 period were examined to check if the relationships obtained earlier between precursory ionospheric anomalies and earthquakes in Japan and central Italy are also valid for Greek earthquakes. The ionospheric anomalies are identified on the observed variations of the sporadic E-layer parameters (h Es, foEs) and foF2 at the ionospheric station of Athens. The corresponding empirical relationships between the seismoionospheric disturbances and the earthquake magnitude and the epicentral distance are obtained and found to be similar to those previously published for other case studies.The large lead times found for the ionospheric anomalies occurrence may confirm a rather long earthquake preparation period. The possibility of using the relationships obtained for earthquake prediction is finally discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionospheric anomalies detected by ionosonde and possibly related to crustal earthquakes in Greece

et al. 2018

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“…The preparation zone is defined by the Dobrovolsky formula [45], ρ ≤ 10 0.43M , where M is the magnitude of the EQ and ρ is the radius (in km) of the supposed circular preparation zone, centered in the epicentral location. A multi-parametric approach considering quasi-simultaneous variations in three parameters of the Es and regular F2 layers is applied [42][43][44]46]. This approach relates the lead time ∆T for a future EQ event, counted from the moment of the observed ionospheric anomaly occurrence, with the magnitude of the EQ and the distance of its epicenter.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionosonde Data Analysis in Relation to the 2016 Central Italian Earthquakes

et al. 2020

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Ionospheric characteristics and crustal earthquakes that occurred in 2016 next to the town of Amatrice, Italy are studied together with the previous events that took place from 1984 to 2009 in Central Italy. The earthquakes with M larger than 5.5 and epicentral distances from the ionosonde less than 150 km were selected for the analysis. A multiparametric approach was applied using variations of sporadic E-layer parameters (the height and the transparency frequency) together with variations of the F2 layer critical frequency foF2 at the Rome ionospheric observatory. Only ionospheric data under quiet geomagnetic conditions were considered. The inclusion of new 2016 events has allowed us to clarify the earlier-obtained seismo-ionospheric empirical relationships linking the distance in space (km) and time (days) between the ionospheric anomaly and the impending earthquake, with its magnitude. The improved dependencies were shown to be similar to those obtained in previous studies in different parts of the world. The possibility of using the obtained relationships for earthquake predictions is discussed.

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“…Others methodologies also supports certain statistical correlation to earthquake's preparation phase. For instance, the rise of magnetic signals characterized by a wide range of ultra-low frequencies (5-100 mHz and 5,68 -3.51 Hz) or the ionospheric disturbs before several earthquakes have been widely and intensively reported during a couple of decades (Hayakawa and Molchanov, 2002, Pulinets and Boyarchuk, 2004, Varotsos, 2005, Balasis and Mandea 2007, Molchanov and Hayakawa, 2008, Liu, 2009, Hayakawa et al, 2015, Contoyiannis et al, 2016, Villalobos et al, 2016, De Santis et al, 2017, Oikonomou et al, 2017, Cordaro et al, 2018, Marchetti and Akhoondzadeh, 2018, Potirakis et al, 2018, Ippolito, et al, 2020, Florios, et al, 2020.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term magnetic anomalies and its possible relationship to the latest Greater Chilean earthquakes in the context of the seismo-electromagnetic theory

Cordaro¹,

Venegas-Aravena²,

Laroze³

2020

Preprint

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Abstract. Several magnetic measurements and theoretical development from different research groups have shown certain relationship with worldwide geological processes. Secular variation of geomagnetic cut off rigidity, magnetic frequencies, or magnetic anomalies have been linked with spatial properties of active convergent tectonic margin or earthquakes occurrences during recent years. These include the rise of similar fundamental frequencies in the range of micro hertz before Maule 2010, Japan 2011, and Sumatra 2004 earthquakes and the dramatic rise of the cumulative number of magnetic anomalous peaks before several earthquakes as Nepal 2015 and Mexico 2017, among others. Currently, all of these measurements have been physically explained by the microcrack generation due uniaxial stress change in rock experiments. The basic physics of these experiments have been used to describe the lithospheric behavior in the context of the seismo-electromagnetic theory. Due to the dramatic increase in experimental evidence, physical mechanism and theoretical framework, this paper analyses vertical magnetic behavior close to the latest three main earthquakes in Chile: Maule 2010 (Mw8.8), Iquique 2014 (Mw8.2), and Illapel 2015 (Mw8.3). The FFT, Wavelet transform and daily cumulative number of anomalies methods were used during quiet space weather time during one year before and after each earthquake in order to filter space influence. FFT Method confirm the raise of power spectral density in mHz range before one month each earthquake, which decrease to lower values after some months after earthquake occurrence. The cumulative anomalies method exhibited and increase previous to each Chilean earthquake (50–90 days prior earthquakes) similar to those found for Nepal 2015 and Mexico 2017. The wavelet analyses also show as similar properties as FFT analysis. However, the lack of physics-based constrain in the wavelet analysis do not allow conclusion as strong as FFT and cumulative methods. By using these results and previous research, it could be stated that these magnetic features could give seismic information from impending events. Additionally, these results could be related to the Lithosphere–Atmosphere–Ionosphere coupling (LAIC effect) and the growth of micro cracks and electrification in rocks described by the seismo-electromagnetic theory.

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Ionospheric characteristics prior to the greatest earthquake in recorded history

Cited by 6 publications

References 35 publications

Ionospheric anomalies detected by ionosonde and possibly related to crustal earthquakes in Greece

Ionospheric anomalies detected by ionosonde and possibly related to crustal earthquakes in Greece

Ionosonde Data Analysis in Relation to the 2016 Central Italian Earthquakes

Long-term magnetic anomalies and its possible relationship to the latest Greater Chilean earthquakes in the context of the seismo-electromagnetic theory

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