“…In various types of mammalian cells, activation of plasma membrane (PM) Cl − channels is an early prerequisite to apoptotic events, including cell shrinkage, cytochrome c release, and programmed cell death (PCD) [1,2]. Pharmacological indications suggest the importance of anion release through the PM in the induction of early defense signaling to induce immune responses and PCD in plants [3,4].…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…10.1080/19420889.2018.1495007-F0001Figure 1. Depletion of SLAC1/SLAH3 and overexpression of SLAC1 result in increased disease resistance against the obligate biotrophic oomycete Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis ( Hpa Noco2) . (a) Plant cell death and hyphal growth in representative Arabidopsis plants 7 days after infection (5.0 × 10 4 spores ml −1 ) as visualized by trypan-blue staining; the resistant La- er line were used as a control to display host cell death at infection sites. Scale bar: 100 μm.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…(a) Plant cell death and hyphal growth in representative Arabidopsis plants 7 days after infection (5.0 × 10 4 spores ml −1 ) as visualized by trypan-blue staining; the resistant La- er line were used as a control to display host cell death at infection sites. Scale bar: 100 μm.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Growth of Pst-avrRpt2 bacteria (the avirulent strain) was also comparable between wild-type, slac1/slah3 mutant, and SLAC1-OE plants (Figure 3(b)), suggesting their limited roles in the effector-triggered immunity against the bacterial pathogen.10.1080/19420889.2018.1495007-F0003Figure 3. Effects of expression levels of SLAC/SLAH family genes on disease resistance against the bacterial strain Pseudomonas syringae in Arabidopsis . Wild-type Col-0, slac1/slah3 , and SLAC1- overexpressing plants grown under long-day conditions for 3 weeks were injected into plant leaves with a syringe-inoculated with 1.0 × 10 5 cfu ml −1 of virulent Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 ( Pst DC3000) as well as the avirulent strain Pst-avrRpt2 .…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Wild-type Col-0, slac1/slah3 , and SLAC1- overexpressing plants grown under long-day conditions for 3 weeks were injected into plant leaves with a syringe-inoculated with 1.0 × 10 5 cfu ml −1 of virulent Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 ( Pst DC3000) as well as the avirulent strain Pst-avrRpt2 .…”
Pharmacological indications suggest that anion channel-mediated plasma membrane (PM) anion efflux is crucial in early defense signaling to induce immune responses and programmed cell death in plants. Arabidopsis SLAC1, an S-type anion channel required for stomatal closure, is involved in cryptogein-induced PM Cl− efflux to positively modulate the activation of other ion fluxes, production of reactive oxygen species and a wide range of defense responses including hypersensitive cell death in tobacco BY-2 cells. We here analyzed disease resistance against several pathogens in multiple mutants of the SLAC/SLAH channels of Arabidopsis. Resistance against a biotrophic oomycete Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis Noco2 was significantly enhanced in the SLAC1-overexpressing plants than in the wild-type, while that against a bacteria Pseudomonas syringae was not affected significantly. Possible regulatory roles of S-type anion channels in plant immunity and disease resistance against bacterial and oomycete pathogens is discussed.
“…In various types of mammalian cells, activation of plasma membrane (PM) Cl − channels is an early prerequisite to apoptotic events, including cell shrinkage, cytochrome c release, and programmed cell death (PCD) [1,2]. Pharmacological indications suggest the importance of anion release through the PM in the induction of early defense signaling to induce immune responses and PCD in plants [3,4].…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…10.1080/19420889.2018.1495007-F0001Figure 1. Depletion of SLAC1/SLAH3 and overexpression of SLAC1 result in increased disease resistance against the obligate biotrophic oomycete Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis ( Hpa Noco2) . (a) Plant cell death and hyphal growth in representative Arabidopsis plants 7 days after infection (5.0 × 10 4 spores ml −1 ) as visualized by trypan-blue staining; the resistant La- er line were used as a control to display host cell death at infection sites. Scale bar: 100 μm.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…(a) Plant cell death and hyphal growth in representative Arabidopsis plants 7 days after infection (5.0 × 10 4 spores ml −1 ) as visualized by trypan-blue staining; the resistant La- er line were used as a control to display host cell death at infection sites. Scale bar: 100 μm.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Growth of Pst-avrRpt2 bacteria (the avirulent strain) was also comparable between wild-type, slac1/slah3 mutant, and SLAC1-OE plants (Figure 3(b)), suggesting their limited roles in the effector-triggered immunity against the bacterial pathogen.10.1080/19420889.2018.1495007-F0003Figure 3. Effects of expression levels of SLAC/SLAH family genes on disease resistance against the bacterial strain Pseudomonas syringae in Arabidopsis . Wild-type Col-0, slac1/slah3 , and SLAC1- overexpressing plants grown under long-day conditions for 3 weeks were injected into plant leaves with a syringe-inoculated with 1.0 × 10 5 cfu ml −1 of virulent Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 ( Pst DC3000) as well as the avirulent strain Pst-avrRpt2 .…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Wild-type Col-0, slac1/slah3 , and SLAC1- overexpressing plants grown under long-day conditions for 3 weeks were injected into plant leaves with a syringe-inoculated with 1.0 × 10 5 cfu ml −1 of virulent Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 ( Pst DC3000) as well as the avirulent strain Pst-avrRpt2 .…”
Pharmacological indications suggest that anion channel-mediated plasma membrane (PM) anion efflux is crucial in early defense signaling to induce immune responses and programmed cell death in plants. Arabidopsis SLAC1, an S-type anion channel required for stomatal closure, is involved in cryptogein-induced PM Cl− efflux to positively modulate the activation of other ion fluxes, production of reactive oxygen species and a wide range of defense responses including hypersensitive cell death in tobacco BY-2 cells. We here analyzed disease resistance against several pathogens in multiple mutants of the SLAC/SLAH channels of Arabidopsis. Resistance against a biotrophic oomycete Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis Noco2 was significantly enhanced in the SLAC1-overexpressing plants than in the wild-type, while that against a bacteria Pseudomonas syringae was not affected significantly. Possible regulatory roles of S-type anion channels in plant immunity and disease resistance against bacterial and oomycete pathogens is discussed.
This unit attempts to define cell toxicity that leads to cellular demise, with a strong emphasis on cell death via both apoptosis and necrosis, by summarizing some of the more recent developments in cellular, molecular, and biochemical studies of the events that govern the induction and execution of cell death. Specific topics pertaining to cell death include structural changes, macromolecular degradation, cellular signaling, the role of mitochondria, and genetic modulation of apoptotic cell death.
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