IP routing issues in satellite constellation networks

Wood, Lloyd; Clerget, Antoine; Andrikopoulos, I.; Pavlou, George; Dabbous, Walid

doi:10.1002/sat.655

Cited by 138 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The Global Positioning System (GPS) is actually a constellation of 27 Earth-orbiting satellites (24 in operation and three extras in case one fails) [4] [10]. The U.S. military developed and implemented this satellite network as a military navigation system, but soon opened it up to everybody else.…”

Section: Working Operationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling and Simulation of GPS Positioning and Iterative Vehicle Motion Using Kalman Filter in Vehicle Tracking System

Hamidu¹

2017

COM

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Abstract:This research is about modelling and simulation of the RFID based Transport Highway Integrated System (THIS) using the iterative motion of the vehicle plying the highway and the application of Kalman filter to aid in effective positioning after signal transmit. This approach will help to identify drivers, vehicles and track location appropriately. The design when able to be implemented with the use of Kalman filter to filter out the noise there will be much accuracy in the vehicle position prediction on the high-way. According to the graphs obtained through Kalman algorithm it was realized that: The noise level was appreciative as compared with the actual signal from the vehicle. If the vehicle model is created based on true situation our estimated state will be close to the true value. Even when measurements are very noisy that is a 20% error will only produce a 5% inaccuracy. The position prediction of a vehicle on the high-way is better as the Gaussian white noise is eliminated, tracking to know the exact location via GPS coordinate will reduce the error margin. If you have a badly defined model, you will not get a good estimate. But you can relax your model by increasing your estimated error. This will let the Kalman filter rely more on the measurement values, but still allow some noise removal.

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Section: Working Operationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling and Simulation of GPS Positioning and Iterative Vehicle Motion Using Kalman Filter in Vehicle Tracking System

Hamidu¹

2017

COM

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“…These are named for the view of orbits seen from above a pole. With intersatellite links, these form variants of toroidal or 'Manhattan' networks [Wood et al, 2001a].…”

Section: Geometry Topology and Delaymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mobile IP may handle roaming at the IP addressing level, but without careful integration with lower layers it cannot be considered suitable for rapid handoff on wireless links [Solomon, 1996]. Though a satellite constellation network can be expected to carry significant amounts of both IPv4 and IPv6 traffic across it, it is likely that this traffic will pass through gateways or tunnels on the ground, while the satellites will know how to send encapsulated traffic between ground terminals and nothing more [Wood et al, 2001a].…”

Section: Networking Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These are named for the view of orbits seen from above a pole. With intersatellite links, these form variants of toroidal or 'Manhattan' networks [Wood et al, 2001a].The rosette constellation, where the coverage of satellites in different orbital planes overlaps, provides its best coverage with visibility of multiple satellites from a single ground terminal at the mid-latitudes where most human population lies, but does not cover the poles from LEO. This multiple visibility and availability of multiple physical channels is known as 'diversity'.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Satellite Constellation Networks

Wood

2003

Internetworking and Computing Over Satellite Networks

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Abstract:Satellite constellations are introduced. The effects of their orbital geometry on network topology and the resulting effects of path delay and handover on network traffic are described. The design of the resulting satellite network as an autonomous system is then discussed.Key words: satellite constellation, network, autonomous system (AS), intersatellite link (ISL), path delay and latency, orbit geometry, Walker, Ballard, star, rosette, Iridium, Teledesic, Globalstar, ICO, Spaceway, NGSO non-geostationary orbit, LEO low earth orbit, MEO medium earth orbit. INTRODUCTIONA single satellite can only cover a part of the world with its communication services; a satellite in geostationary orbit above the Equator cannot see more than 30% of the Earth's surface [Clarke, 1945]. For more complete coverage you need a number of satellites -a satellite constellation. We can describe a satellite constellation as a number of similar satellites, of a similar type and function, designed to be in similar, complementary, orbits for a shared purpose, under shared control. Satellite constellations have been proposed and implemented for use in communications, including networking. Constellations have also been used for geodesy and navigation (the Global Positioning System [Kruesi, 1996] and Glonass [Börjesson, et al., 1999]), for remote sensing, and for other scientific applications.The 1990s were perhaps the public heyday of satellite constellations. In that decade several commercial satellite constellation networks were 14 INTERNETWORKING AND COMPUTING OVER SATELLITE NETWORKSconstructed and came into operation, while a large number of other schemes were proposed commercially to use available frequency bands, then loudly hyped and later quietly scaled back or dropped.1998 saw the long-awaited launch of commercial services using the 66-active-satellite LEO (low-earth-orbiting) Iridium system constructed by Motorola [Leopold and Miller, 1993]. Iridium demonstrated the feasibility of Ka-band radio intersatellite links (ISLs) directly interconnecting satellites for wide-scale intersatellite networking. However, Iridium's commercial feasibility was not demonstrated before its operating company had filed for bankruptcy protection. The widespread adoption of mobile telephony and roaming between cellular networks worldwide, largely due to the European GSM standard, had usurped much of Iridium's expected target 'business traveller' market for voice telephony to satellite handsets during the Iridium system's decade-long design and construction period. Iridium's services were later relaunched by a second company, which did not suffer from the original company's need to repay crippling construction debtsThe 48-active-satellite LEO Globalstar system [Wiedeman and Viterbi, 1993], relying heavily on CDMA-based frequency-sharing technology from Qualcomm, followed Iridium, and found the market for a voice telephony service just as difficult. Its operating company filed for bankruptcy protection in early 2002. As the mass market for satellit...

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“…With the rapid growth of Internet-based applications, proposed broadband satellite networks will be required to transport IP traffic [16]. Routing protocols for IP-based LEO satellite networks have also been introduced.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Routing Protocol for Hierarchical LEO/MEO Satellite IP Networks

2005

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Abstract. The rapid growth of Internet-based applications pushes broadband satellite networks to carry on IP traffic. In previously proposed connectionless routing schemes in satellite networks, the metrics used to calculate the paths do not reflect the total delay a packet may experience. In this paper, a new Satellite Grouping and Routing Protocol (SGRP) is developed. In each snapshot period, SGRP divides Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites into groups according to the footprint area of the Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) satellites. Based on the delay reports sent by LEO satellites, MEO satellite managers compute the minimum-delay paths for their LEO members. Since the signaling traffic is physically separated from the data traffic, link congestion does not affect the responsiveness of delay reporting and routing table calculation. The snapshot and group formation methods as well as fast reacting mechanisms to address link congestion and satellite failures are described in detail. The performance of SGRP is evaluated through simulations and analysis.

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IP routing issues in satellite constellation networks

Abstract: This paper examines strategies for implementing and operating IP routing effectively within satellite constellation networks, given known constraints on the constellation resulting from satellite mobility, global visibility, routing and addressing

Cited by 138 publications

References 37 publications

Modeling and Simulation of GPS Positioning and Iterative Vehicle Motion Using Kalman Filter in Vehicle Tracking System

Modeling and Simulation of GPS Positioning and Iterative Vehicle Motion Using Kalman Filter in Vehicle Tracking System

Satellite Constellation Networks

A Routing Protocol for Hierarchical LEO/MEO Satellite IP Networks

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