IR and Raman spectroelectrochemical studies of corrosion films on tin

Huang, Boji; Tornatore, Pete; Li, Ying-Sing

doi:10.1016/s0013-4686(00)00660-5

Cited by 98 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Cyclic voltammetry and spectroscopy methods were shown to be successful in identifying the corrosion films generated at different potentials in the aqueous solutions. 70 Electrochemical recovery of tin has been studied using a fluidised bed electrochemical cell that contains a mesh electrode and inert glass beads. This introduced a high degree of turbulence in the cell for improved mass transport control.…”

Section: Operating Parameters and Deposit Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of developments in the electrodeposition of tin

Walsh

Low

2016

Surface and Coatings Technology

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Highlights Types of aqueous electrolytes for pure tin deposits are reviewed. The many existing and developing applications of tin deposits are summarised. Emphasis is placed on versatile methanesulfonic acid electrolytes. The effects of bath composition (including additives) and operating conditions on deposit morphology are illustrated. Electrochemical studies at static and controlled flow rotating electrodes are illustrated. AbstractThe importance of tin and its electrodeposition are summarised and the scope for plating tin is outlined.Established applications of electroplated tin include corrosion protection, electronics fabrication and cooking utensils. The past 20 years have seen developments in the science and technology of tin plating, including research into nanostructured deposits, adoption of environmentally friendly methanesulfonic acid baths and more ambitious coatings including multi-layers and composites. Our ability to tailor deposit structure and composition has been improved by newer electrolytes, pulse plating and electrolyte additives. The diversity of tin applications has extended to lithium batteries using newer structures (such as composites, multi-layers and nanostructures), electrical control (e.g., pulsed current) and relative bath/electrode movement (including the use of rotating electrodes). Electrochemical aspects of modern tin deposition are illustrated by data from the authors' laboratory which highlights the versatility of methanesulfonic acid electrolytes. A wide range of deposit morphology, colour and surface finish are possible by the use of suitable addition agents and control of electrode/electrolyte movement and operating conditions. Subject areas needing further research work are identified.

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Section: Operating Parameters and Deposit Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of developments in the electrodeposition of tin

Walsh

Low

2016

Surface and Coatings Technology

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“…40 However, it has to be noted that the value of 2.076 Å is right on the border of ranges for N = 2 and N = 3. The peak at ~580 cm −1 in Figure 5 is due to formation of Sn(IV) species, 41,44 as its intensity was found increase at the expense of the other two peaks upon bubbling air through the solution. This 25 band is very strong, therefore it causes significant variations in the Raman spectra even if only a few percent of Sn(II) is oxidised to Sn(IV) (Note, that this is inevitable during manipulating the solutions and collecting the spectra).…”

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confidence: 96%

Speciation and structure of tin(ii) in hyper-alkaline aqueous solution

et al. 2014

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5The structure of tin(II) hydroxido complex forming in hyperalkaline aqueous solutions (0.2  C NaOH  12 mol⋅dm -3 ) has been determined by EXAFS, Raman and Mössbauer spectroscopy, and the general composition by potentiometric titrations. Experimental work was supplemented by computational means. 10The mean Sn-O distance in the non-linear complex is remarkably short, 2.078 Å. From single crystal X-ray data of O-coordinated Sn(II) compounds, for the given coordination numbers of N = 2 and 3, the bond distances were found to cover a relatively wide range (much wider than normal). The experimentally

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“…The bands at 1184, 1072, 982, 654, 592 and 472 cm -1 correspond to vibrations of SnSO 4 [10]. The bands at 669, 654, 615 and 411 cm -1 correspond to vibrations of SnO 2 [13]. It was impossible to allocate the vibration bands around 900 and 840 cm -1 to a specific compound.…”

Section: Ancient Alike Alloys Artificially Corrodedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of tin corrosion: the influence of alloying elements

DERYCK

2004

Journal of Cultural Heritage

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This paper focuses on the corrosion behaviour of tin objects stored in museums. A set of authentic objects was investigated using optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray detection (SEM-EDX). The goal existed in acquiring information on the appearance of the corroded surfaces and the chemical composition of the alloys. The analyses made it possible to obtain an overview of typical corrosion forms seen on ancient tin objects. In order to study the influence of the alloying elements and corrosive agents on the corrosion behaviour, a simulation study was set up in which five ancient alike tin alloys were produced and artificially corroded by using different corrosive agents. The corroded surfaces were analysed using OM, SEM-EDX and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and the results were compared with those obtained from the authentic samples. © 2004 Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved.Keywords: Ancient tin alloys; Corrosion; OM; SEM-EDX; FTIR Research aimsThe objective of this paper is to contribute to a better understanding of the degradation of tin objects present in museum collections. Specific emphasis has been laid on the study of factors which may influence the corrosion, such as the alloying elements and the corrosive agents. IntroductionSeveral publications mention tin to be corrosion resistant. Results have indeed shown that under natural conditions water and atmospheric oxygen have no harmful effects on metallic tin, although tarnishing of tin is sometimes observed in indoor atmospheric conditions [1][2][3]. Nevertheless, tin may also suffer from corrosion by mineral acids and organic acids in the presence of air [2]. This general idea has in the past led to believe that tin objects stored under normal museum conditions are little affected by atmospheric corrosion. As a result tin pest was often considered as the major deterioration cause of tin objects stored in museums. Tin pest is a physical phenomenon, i.e. an allotropic transformation of metallic white tin (b-tin) to grey (a-tin) which occurs at low temperatures, namely below 13.2°C. Metallic white tin is very ductile, while grey tin is brittle. Both have different crystallinity and density-white tin (7.29 g cm -3 ) and grey tin (5.77 g cm -3)-which result in the transformation of the objects into powder when tin pest occurs [4]. Once an object is harmed by tin pest it will be completely destroyed after a period of time. No treatment is possible in this case. The corrosion of tin on the other hand is (electro)chemical by nature and can be treated in many cases. The most typical and most stable corrosion product of tin is tin(IV)oxide, SnO 2 [4].The general belief that tin is not affected by corrosion, and on the other hand the general assumption that tin pest is the main degradation form of tin objects, has led to the fact that today many of the tin objects which are present in museums are in a certain state of decay. Detailed examination of several museum objects has, however, shown that...

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IR and Raman spectroelectrochemical studies of corrosion films on tin

Cited by 98 publications

References 18 publications

A review of developments in the electrodeposition of tin

A review of developments in the electrodeposition of tin

Speciation and structure of tin(ii) in hyper-alkaline aqueous solution

Study of tin corrosion: the influence of alloying elements

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