Organosilicon and
organotin compounds have been widely used in
many fields, such as organic synthesis, materials science, and biochemistry,
because of their unique physical and electronic properties. Recently,
two novel compounds containing C–Si or C–Sn bonds have
been synthesized. These compounds can be used for late modification
of drug-like molecules such as probenecid, duloxetine, and fluoxetine
derivatives. However, the detailed reaction mechanisms and the influencing
factors that determine selectivity are still unclear. Moreover, several
questions remain that are valuable to investigate further, such as
(1) the influence of the solvent and the lithium salt on the reaction
of the Si/Sn–Zn reagent, (2) the stereoselective functionalization
of C–O bonds, and (3) the differences between silylation and
stannylation. In the current study, we have explored the above issues
with density functional theory and have found that stereoselectivity
was most likely caused by the oxidative addition of cobalt to the
C–O bond of alkenyl acetate with chelation assistance and that
transmetalation was most likely the rate-determining step. For Sn–Zn
reagents, the transmetalation was achieved by anion and cation pairs,
whereas for Si–Zn reagents, the process was facilitated by
Co–Zn complexes.