Iridoid glycosides and insect feeding preferences: gypsy moths (Lymantria dispar, Lymantriidae) and buckeyes (Junonia coenia, Nymphalidae)

Bowers, M. Deane; Puttick, Gillian M.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2311.1989.tb00953.x

Cited by 57 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 63 publications

(52 reference statements)

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“…Iridoid glycosides have been shown to act as chemical defenses against generalist insect herbivores and fungal pathogens as well as attractants and feeding stimulants for specialist herbivores (Bowers 1991;Marak et al 2002;Biere et al 2004;Beninger et al 2008;Reudler Talsma et al 2008). Moreover, quantitative variation in iridoid glycosides is known to influence plant interactions with generalist and specialist enemies; higher concentrations have been associated with greater negative effects on generalists and positive effects on specialists (e.g., Bowers and Puttick 1989;Biere et al 2004;Harvey et al 2005;Prudic et al 2005;Reudler Talsma et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil nitrogen availability and herbivore attack influence the chemical defenses of an invasive plant (Linaria dalmatica; Plantaginaceae)

Jamieson

Bowers

2011

Chemoecology

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Chemical defenses are thought to contribute to the invasion success and impacts of many introduced plants; however, for most of these species, little is known about these compounds and how they vary in natural environments. Plant allelochemical concentrations may be affected by a variety of abiotic and biotic factors, including soil nutrients and herbivores. Moreover, such quantitative variation is likely to play an important role in species interactions involving these invasive plants. The purpose of this study was to examine patterns of variation in iridoid glycoside concentrations of the invasive plant Linaria dalmatica (Plantaginaceae). We conducted a greenhouse experiment to investigate the effect of soil nitrogen availability on iridoid glycoside concentrations. Results from this experiment showed that plant iridoid glycoside concentrations decreased with increased nitrogen availability. Additionally, plants were collected from multiple field sites in order to characterize the influence of population, soil nitrogen availability, and herbivore attack on iridoid glycoside variation. Results from field studies indicated that plants demonstrated considerable seasonal variation, as well as variation within and among populations, with iridoid glycoside concentrations ranging from approximately 1 to 15% dry weight. The relationship between soil nitrogen and plant iridoid glycosides varied among populations, with a strong negative correlation in one population, a marginally significant negative relationship in a second population, and no relationship in the remaining two populations. Additionally, we found a negative relationship between iridoid glycoside concentrations and plant injury by an introduced biocontrol agent, the stem-mining weevil Mecinus janthinus (Cucurlionidae). These results show that plant allelochemical concentrations can vary widely in natural environments and suggest that levels of plant defense may be reduced by increased soil nitrogen availability and herbivore attack in this invasive plant species.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil nitrogen availability and herbivore attack influence the chemical defenses of an invasive plant (Linaria dalmatica; Plantaginaceae)

Jamieson

Bowers

2011

Chemoecology

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“…Two of the main iridoid glycosides that occur in P. lanceolata are catalpol and its precursor aucubin. These compounds strongly deter generalist insect herbivores (Bowers 1991), but can serve as feeding stimulants (Bowers 1983(Bowers , 1984Bowers & Puttick 1989) and oviposition stimulants (Pereyra & Bowers 1988) for larvae and adults of specialist insects. Specialist insects can also sequester iridoid glycosides for their own defense (Gardner & Stermitz 1988;Rimpler 1991;Bowers & Stamp 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two herbivore-deterrent iridoid glycosides reduce the in-vitro growth of a specialist but not of a generalist pathogenic fungus of Plantago lanceolata L

2002

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Many secondary plant compounds are involved in defense against both insect herbivores and pathogens. Two secondary plant compounds of Plantago lanceolata, the iridoid glycosides catalpol and its precursor aucubin, are well known for their deterrent effects on generalist and nonadapted specialist insect herbivores. We tested the effects of these compounds on the in-vitro growth of a specialist and generalist fungal pathogen of this host species. Two chemical forms of these iridoids were tested. The glycosides and their aglycones, the products of enzymatic conversion by specific β-glucosidase enzymes. The glycosides enhanced growth of both the specialist fungus Diaporthe adunca and the generalist fungus Fusarium moniliforme var. subglutinans. The positive effect of these glycosides on the generalist fungus is in sharp contrast with the generally negative effects of these glysosides on generalist insect herbivores. The aglycones of aucubin and catalpol reduced the growth of the specialist fungus D. adunca, but, contrary to expectation, enhanced the growth of the generalist fungus F. moniliforme var. subglutinans. Effects of aucubin on D. adunca were stronger than effects of catalpol. This was true both for the growth stimulating effects of the glycosides and for the fungitoxic effects of the aglycones. We therefore expect that the effects of these iridoids in P. lanceolata on the specialist fungus will strongly depend on the ratio between catalpol and its precursor aucubin and the chemical form (glycoside or aglycone) in which these compounds are encountered by the fungus during growth. Our results suggest that iridoid glycosides in P. lanceolata can be used as defense against both herbivores and pathogens, but that their effects are highly specific with respect to the natural enemy species that is encountered.

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“…Glucoside iridoids, a group derived from the monoterpenes found in more than 50 plant families, offer an interesting example of such compounds 32 ; they have an antimicrobial effect against pathogenic bacteria and fungi [33][34][35][36] as well as anti-alimentary properties for herbivorous insects in general [37][38][39] .…”

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CHEMICAL DEFENSE RESPONSES IN Eucalyptus globulus (Labill) PLANTS

Troncoso¹,

Becerra²,

Bittner³

et al. 2011

J. Chil. Chem. Soc.

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This study evaluated the expression of defense compounds by the secondary metabolism of Eucalyptus globulus plants subjected to attacks by the insect Ctenarytaina eucalypti (blue gum psyllid) and abiotic mechanical damage using gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID) and mass detection (MS). The results show that both biological and mechanical attacks activated defense responses in the plants. We identified 34 compounds in the leaves of the treated plants. In the case of the plants damaged by C. eucalypti, four of the compounds differed from those of the control: three oxygenated monoterpenes (borneol, exo-2-hydroxy cineole and thymol) and one quinone (6-acethyl-flaviolin). In the case of the mechanical damage, five compounds differed from the control: three sesquiterpenes (alloaromadendrene, eremophilene, and caryophyllene-oxide), borneol, and 6-acethyl-flaviolin. According to the results, different compounds are biosynthesized when faced with biotic and abiotic inductions, indicating a certain level of specificity in the response of the plants to different types of damage.

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Iridoid glycosides and insect feeding preferences: gypsy moths (Lymantria dispar, Lymantriidae) and buckeyes (Junonia coenia, Nymphalidae)

Cited by 57 publications

References 63 publications

Soil nitrogen availability and herbivore attack influence the chemical defenses of an invasive plant (Linaria dalmatica; Plantaginaceae)

Soil nitrogen availability and herbivore attack influence the chemical defenses of an invasive plant (Linaria dalmatica; Plantaginaceae)

Two herbivore-deterrent iridoid glycosides reduce the in-vitro growth of a specialist but not of a generalist pathogenic fungus of Plantago lanceolata L

CHEMICAL DEFENSE RESPONSES IN Eucalyptus globulus (Labill) PLANTS

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