Iron and Sulfur Mineral Analysis Methods for Natural Attenuation Assessments

Kennedy, Lonnie G.; Everett, John W.; Ware, Kevin J.; Parsons, Robert L.; Green, Valerie

doi:10.1080/10889869891214376

Cited by 21 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…Although microcosm studies assess the potential for sulfate reduction, the abundance of recently deposited acid volatile sulfide (AVS) can be viewed as indicative of actual S 2− biogenesis. Although this parameter is operationally defined, many researchers find it reasonable to assume that AVS represents recent sulfate reduction (Kennedy et al, 1998).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecology of Sulfate‐Reducing Bacteria in an Iron‐Dominated, Mining‐Impacted Freshwater Sediment

Ramamoorthy

Piotrowski

Langner³

et al. 2009

J of Env Quality

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A legacy of lead and silver mining in its headwaters left Lake Coeur d'Alene, Idaho with a sediment body that is highly reduced and contains up to 100 g kg(-1) iron and a smaller fraction of chemically active sulfide phases. The dynamic character of these sulfides and their importance for the sequestering of contaminating trace elements prompted this study of the sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) involved in their production. We estimated parameters indicative of the distribution and activity of SRB in relation to season, site, and depth. Most probable number estimates and quantitative PCR assays of an SRB-specific functional gene, alpha-adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate reductase, indicated 10(3) to 10(6) cultivable cells and 10(5) to 10(7) gene copy numbers g(-1) dry wt sediment, respectively. Although culture-based estimates of SRB abundance correlated poorly with site, season, depth, total S, or pore water SO(4), non-culture-based estimates of SRB abundance were markedly higher at contaminated sites and positively correlated with pore water SO(4). Ex situ estimates of (35)SO(4) respiration and acid volatile sulfides abundance also showed strong among-site effects, indicating elevated sulfidogenesis at contaminated sites. These observations support the view that biogenic sulfides may act in concert with reduced iron to retain soluble metal(loid)s in the solid phase.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecology of Sulfate‐Reducing Bacteria in an Iron‐Dominated, Mining‐Impacted Freshwater Sediment

Ramamoorthy

Piotrowski

Langner³

et al. 2009

J of Env Quality

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“…To provide further insight into the reactivity observed for the iron-and sulfate-reducing sediments, weak acid (0.5 N HCl) and strong acid (6.0 N HCl) extractions of the sediment slurries were performed to quantify the formation of FeS, and other Fe and S mineral phases of interest. Extraction with 0.5 N HCl has been used to quantify the amorphous iron(III) oxides, which are generally thought to be more biologically available than more crystalline forms of Fe(III), and biogenic Fe(II) minerals such as FeS and FeCO3 (9,17,(47)(48)(49). Extraction with 6.0 N HCl provides a measure of the bulk Fe(II) and Fe(III) (i.e., the more crystalline Fe minerals) typically associated with sediments (9,17).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From a thermodynamic point of view, a sequence of redox zones (i.e., nitrate-, manganese-, iron-, and sulfate-reducing and methanogenic) can develop that are characterized by the respective dominant terminal electron-accepting processes. The mapping of redox zones in contaminated aquifers has been accomplished by the analysis of redox-active species in the pore waters [e.g., NO 3 - , Mn(II), Fe(II), SO 4 2- , CH 4 , and H 2 ] and associated solid phase (e.g., Fe and S minerals) ( − ). Knowing the identity and reactivity of chemical reductants as a function of redox zonation would be key to the development of reactive transport models describing the movement of redox-active organic contaminants through contaminated sediments and aquifers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Laboratory studies in well-defined model systems have provided valuable insight into the chemical reductants that can potentially form under iron- and sulfate-reducing conditions. The microbially mediated reduction of iron oxides results in the formation of soluble Fe(II), as well as a number of biogenic and authigenic minerals including siderite (FeCO 3 ), magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ), and vivianite [Fe 3 (PO 4 ) 2 ] ( − ). Although little is known about the ability of structural Fe(II) in these biogenic minerals to reduce organic pollutants, surface-complexed Fe(II) on iron oxides [Fe(II) ads ] has been demonstrated, in a number of model studies, to mediate the reductive transformation of nitroaromatics ( − ) and halogenated aliphatics ( − ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reductive Dehalogenation of Halomethanes in Iron- and Sulfate-Reducing Sediments. 1. Reactivity Pattern Analysis

Kenneke

Weber

2003

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The incorporation of reductive transformations into environmental fate models requires the characterization of natural reductants in sediments and aquifer materials. For this purpose, reactivity patterns (range and relative order of reactivity) for a series of 14 halogenated methanes were measured in iron- and sulfate-reducing sediments and two representative model systems: adsorbed Fe(II)/goethite [Fe(II)ads/alpha-FeOOH] and iron sulfide (FeS). Both Fe(II)ads and FeS are naturally occurring reductants. The strong similarity in reactivity patterns between the iron- and sulfate-reducing sediments suggests that the two share a common reductant despite their different chemical compositions (i.e., the sulfate-reducing sediment contained FeS). An orthogonal regression analysis of the halomethane transformation rate data in the sediment and model systems supports the assumption that a common mechanism for halomethane transformation exists between the sediments and the Fe(II)ads/alpha-FeOOH system and further corroborates the conclusion that Fe(II) adsorbed to Fe(III)-containing minerals is the dominant reductant in both sediment systems. Weak (0.5 N) and strong (6.0 N) acid extraction of the sediments indicated that solid-phase Fe(II) was 67% higher in the sulfate-reducing sediment than in the iron-reducing sediment, which is consistent with the observations that the halomethanes were transformed a factor of 3 times faster in the sulfate-reducing sediment and that Fe(II) was the dominant reductant.

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“…AMIBA (Kennedy et al, ) is a collection of selective extraction analyses performed to quantify iron and sulfur availability in various redox states to allow assessment of the microbial/mineral/contaminant interactions. More specifically, AMIBA includes: Acid volatile sulfide (AVS) measures the amount of sulfide present as iron monosulfides like mackinawite. Chromium extractable sulfide (CrES) measures the fraction of total sulfide correlating to elemental sulfur (S 0 ) and pyrite (FeS 2 ).…”

Section: Assessing Reactive Mineral Presencementioning

confidence: 99%

New Tools for Assessing Reactive Mineral‐Mediated Abiotic Contaminant Transformation

Horst¹,

Divine²,

Tilton³

et al. 2019

Groundwater Monitoring Rem

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Iron and Sulfur Mineral Analysis Methods for Natural Attenuation Assessments

Cited by 21 publications

References 0 publications

Ecology of Sulfate‐Reducing Bacteria in an Iron‐Dominated, Mining‐Impacted Freshwater Sediment

Ecology of Sulfate‐Reducing Bacteria in an Iron‐Dominated, Mining‐Impacted Freshwater Sediment

Reductive Dehalogenation of Halomethanes in Iron- and Sulfate-Reducing Sediments. 1. Reactivity Pattern Analysis

New Tools for Assessing Reactive Mineral‐Mediated Abiotic Contaminant Transformation

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