Iron as a tanning agent

Kanagy, Joseph R.; Kronstadt, R.A.

doi:10.6028/jres.031.017

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 1 publication

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Such crosslinking can derive from various agents including multivalent Fe, Ti, Zr and Si, aluminosilicates, polyphosphates and mineral salts such as aluminium sulphate or chromium sulphate. A common form of crosslinking involves polyphenolic tannins from plants that can bind to organic molecules like proteins, forming the foundation of the early leather tanning industry (Kanagy & Kronstadt ; Covington ; Hueffer et al . ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sediment‐encased maturation: a novel method for simulating diagenesis in organic fossil preservation

Saitta

Kaye²,

Vinther

2018

Palaeontology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Exceptional fossils can preserve diageneticallyaltered biomolecules. Understanding the pathways that lead to such preservation is vital to utilizing fossil information in evolutionary and palaeoecological studies. Experimental taphonomy explores the stability of tissues during microbial/ autolytic decay or their molecular stability through maturation under high pressure and temperature. Maturation experiments often take place inside sealed containers, preventing the loss of labile, mobile or volatile molecules. However, wrapping tissues inside aluminium foil, for example, can create too open a system, leading to loss of both labile and recalcitrant materials. We present a novel experimental procedure for maturing tissues under elevated pressure/temperature inside compacted sediment. In this procedure, porous sediment allows maturation breakdown products to escape into the sediment and maturation chamber, while recalcitrant, immobile components are contained, more closely mimicking the natural conditions of fossilization. To test the efficacy of this procedure in simulating fossil diagenesis, we investigate the differential survival of melanosomes relative to proteinaceous tissues through maturation of fresh lizard body parts and feathers. Macro-and ultrastructures are then compared to fossils. Similar to many carbonaceous exceptional fossils, the resulting organic components are thin, dark films composed mainly of exposed melanosomes resting on the sediment in association with darkened bones. Keratinous, muscle, collagenous and adipose tissues appear to be lost. Such results are consistent with predictions derived from non-sediment-encased maturation experiments and our understanding of biomolecular stability. These experiments also suggest that organic preservation is largely driven by the original molecular composition of the tissue and the diagenetic stability of those molecules, rather than the tissue's decay resistance alone; this should be experimentally explored in the future.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sediment‐encased maturation: a novel method for simulating diagenesis in organic fossil preservation

Saitta

Kaye²,

Vinther

2018

Palaeontology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This latter process might reasonably be described as iron-based tanning (cf. Kanagy and Kronstadt 1943).…”

Section: Implications For Bst Preservationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tanning occurs biologically, where it determines the primary recalcitrance of particular substrates such as polychaete chaetae, arthropod cuticle, and hard keratin in vertebrates, but it can also be induced abiologically via external tanning agents. In the leather industry, collagen-based hides are tanned using mineral salts (e.g., chromium sulfate, aluminum sulfate) or polyphenolic vegetable tannins, though there is a range of alternative tanning agents, including multivalent Fe, Zr, Ti, and Si, polyphosphates, and various aluminosilicate minerals (Kanagy and Kronstadt 1943;Covington 1997;Hueffer et al 2010); in at least one patented process, the agent is derived from kaolinite (Plapper et al 1981). Under particular circumstances, postmortem tanning can also take place naturally.…”

Section: Taphonomic Tanning-a Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Sediment Effects on the Preservation of Burgess Shale-Type Compression Fossils

Wilson

Butterfield

2014

PALAIOS

106

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Experimental burial of polychaete (Nereis) and crustacean (Crangon) carcasses in kaolinite, calcite, quartz, and montmorillonite demonstrates a marked effect of sediment mineralogy on the stabilization of nonbiomineralized integuments, the first step in producing carbonaceous compression fossils and Burgess Shale-type (BST) preservation. The greatest positive effect was with Nereis buried in kaolinite, and the greatest negative effect was with Nereis buried in montmorillonite, a morphological trend paralleled by levels of preserved protein. Similar but more attenuated effects were observed with Crangon. The complex interplay of original histology and sediment mineralogy controls system pH, oxygen content, and major ion concentrations, all of which are likely to feed back on the preservation potential of particular substrates in particular environments. The particular susceptibility of Nereis to both diagenetically enhanced preservation and diagenetically enhanced decomposition most likely derives from the relative lability of its collagenous cuticle vs. the inherently more recalcitrant cuticle of Crangon. We propose a mechanism of secondary, sediment-induced taphonomic tanning to account for instances of enhanced preservation. In light of the marked effects of sediment mineralogy on fossilization, the Cambrian to Early Ordovician taphonomic window for BST preservation is potentially related to a coincident interval of glauconite-prone seas.

show abstract

“…328 This interaction of collagen with metals is a recognized method for its stabilization (ie, tanning which most commonly is achieved with chromium but iron cations can be employed). 329,330 The metal complexed to collagen is considered available to the host and higher doses of iron decrease collagen synthesis further supporting a role in metal homeostasis. [331][332][333] Relationships between other components of ECM and iron homeostasis are also evident.…”

Section: Pulmonary Fibrosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Cigarette Smoke Particle-Induced Lung Injury and Iron Homeostasis

Ghio¹,

Pavlisko²,

Roggli³

et al. 2022

COPD

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

It is proposed that the mechanistic basis for non-neoplastic lung injury with cigarette smoking is a disruption of iron homeostasis in cells after exposure to cigarette smoke particle (CSP). Following the complexation and sequestration of intracellular iron by CSP, the host response (eg, inflammation, mucus production, and fibrosis) attempts to reverse a functional metal deficiency. Clinical manifestations of this response can present as respiratory bronchiolitis, desquamative interstitial pneumonitis, pulmonary Langerhans' cell histiocytosis, asthma, pulmonary hypertension, chronic bronchitis, and pulmonary fibrosis. If the response is unsuccessful, the functional deficiency of iron progresses to irreversible cell death evident in emphysema and bronchiectasis. The subsequent clinical and pathological presentation is a continuum of lung injuries, which overlap and coexist with one another. Designating these non-neoplastic lung injuries after smoking as distinct disease processes fails to recognize shared relationships to each other and ultimately to CSP, as well as the common mechanistic pathway (ie, disruption of iron homeostasis).

show abstract

Iron as a tanning agent

Cited by 7 publications

References 1 publication

Sediment‐encased maturation: a novel method for simulating diagenesis in organic fossil preservation

Sediment‐encased maturation: a novel method for simulating diagenesis in organic fossil preservation

Sediment Effects on the Preservation of Burgess Shale-Type Compression Fossils

Cigarette Smoke Particle-Induced Lung Injury and Iron Homeostasis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About