Iron deficiency affects acoustic startle response and latency, but not prepulse inhibition in young adult rats

Burhans, Maggie S.; Dailey, Catherine; Wiesinger, Jason A.; Murray‐Kolb, Laura E.; Jones, Byron C.; Beard, John L.

doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2006.02.014

Cited by 27 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Consistent with data from younger animals (Burhans et al 2006;Felt et al 2006), our adult females (IDMn) also demonstrated impaired cognitive performance on the MWM as compared to CN rats. Regional brain metal analysis indicated that both Mn and Fe deposition were significantly altered in treated rats, particularly in the hippocampus.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

A Chronic Iron-Deficient/High-Manganese Diet in Rodents Results in Increased Brain Oxidative Stress and Behavioral Deficits in the Morris Water Maze

et al. 2009

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Iron deficiency (ID) is especially common in pregnant women and may even persist following childbirth. This is of concern in light of reports demonstrating that ID may be sufficient to produce homeostatic dysregulation of other metals, including manganese (Mn). These results are particularly important considering the potential introduction of the Mn-containing gas additive, methyl cyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT), in various countries around the world. In order to model this potentially vulnerable population, we fed female rats fed either control (35 mg Fe/kg chow; 10 mg Mn/kg chow) or low iron/high-manganese (IDMn; 3.5 mg Fe/kg chow; 100 mg Mn/kg chow) diet, and examined whether these changes had any long-term behavioral effects on the animals' spatial abilities, as tested by the Morris water maze (MWM). We also analyzed behavioral performance on auditory sensorimotor gating utilizing prepulse inhibition (PPI), which may be related to overall cognitive performance. Furthermore, brain and blood metal levels were assessed, as well as regional brain isoprostane production. We found that treated animals were slightly ID, with statistically significant increases in both iron (Fe) and Mn in the hippocampus, but statistically significantly less Fe in the cerebellum. Additionally, isoprostane levels, markers of oxidative stress, were increased in the brain stem of IDMn animals. Although treated animals were indistinguishable from controls in the PPI experiments, they performed less well than controls in the MWM. Taken together, our data suggest that vulnerable ID populations exposed to high levels of Mn may indeed be at risk of potentially dangerous alterations in brain metal levels which could also lead to behavioral deficits.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

A Chronic Iron-Deficient/High-Manganese Diet in Rodents Results in Increased Brain Oxidative Stress and Behavioral Deficits in the Morris Water Maze

et al. 2009

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“…Other studies reached similar conclusions [102,103]. Estrogen effects on dopaminergic function in the context of iron deficiency have been reported [78], possibly by transcriptional regulation of DAT and receptors [19]. Estrogen also modifies D2R expression [104,105].…”

Section: Sex Differences In Iron Metabolism and Emotional Behaviorsupporting

confidence: 64%

“…Moreover, iron-loaded rats have a lower locomotion and reared less frequently in the open field [59]. These results demonstrate increased anxiety/emotional reactivity upon iron overload, which is similar to the behavioral phenotype of iron deficiency [10,19,40,71]. Since activity or exploration drive are also affected by iron overload during postnatal development [68], behavioral methods that are more anxiety-specific and less exploration/activity-dependent (e.g., conditioned place avoidance, social interaction or taste aversion tests) have been suggested to more reliably examine the effect of iron overload on anxiety [59].…”

Section: Iron Overloadmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Iron and mechanisms of emotional behavior

Kim

Wessling‐Resnick

2014

The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry

227

138

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Iron is required for appropriate behavioral organization. Iron deficiency results in poor brain myelination and impaired monoamine metabolism. Glutamate and GABA homeostasis is modified by changes in brain iron status. Such changes not only produce deficits in memory/learning capacity and motor skills, but also emotional and psychological problems. An accumulating body of evidence indicates that both energy metabolism and neurotransmitter homeostasis influence emotional behavior, and both functions are influenced by brain iron status. Like other neurobehavioral aspects, the influence of iron metabolism on mechanisms of emotional behavior are multifactorial: brain region-specific control of behavior, regulation of neurotransmitters and associated proteins, temporal and regional differences in iron requirements, oxidative stress responses to excess iron, sex differences in metabolism, and interactions between iron and other metals. To better understand the role that brain iron plays in emotional behavior and mental health, this review discusses the pathologies associated with anxiety and other emotional disorders with respect to body iron status.

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“…These findings for verbal skills of preschool children are congruent with findings on links between iron deficiency in human infants and delayed auditory responding (Roncagliolo, Garrido, Walter, Peirano, & Lozoff, 1998), which appear to continue into the preschool period (Algarin, Peirano, Garrido, IRON, LEAD, PARENTING, AND CHILD COGNITION Pizarro, & Lozoff, 2003) and might certainly result in diminished verbal skills. However, more recent work by Burhans et al (2006) shows that 49% of the variance in rat auditory startle responses is accounted for by hematocrit, dopamine, and norepinephrine. Thus the neurotransmitter alterations underlying language functioning could be alterations in glutamate, dopamine, norepinephrine, or some combination of these.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Main and Interaction Effects of Iron, Zinc, Lead, and Parenting on Children's Cognitive Outcomes

Hubbs‐Tait

Mulugeta

Bogale

et al. 2009

Developmental Neuropsychology

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This study examined relations of blood lead < 10 microg/dL, iron, zinc, and parenting to Head Start children's (N = 112) scores on Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-III (PPVT-III) and McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities (MSCA). Venous whole blood and plasma samples were analyzed for lead and zinc by ICP-MS and iron status was assessed by serum transferrin receptors. Hierarchical regressions revealed significant effects of lead on MSCA perceptual scores and iron on PPVT-III and MSCA verbal scores. Children with lead > 2.5 microg/dL had significantly lower MSCA perceptual scores than children < 2.5 microg/dL. Permissive parenting significantly exacerbated negative effects of higher lead or lower iron on children's perceptual or verbal scores, respectively.

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Iron deficiency affects acoustic startle response and latency, but not prepulse inhibition in young adult rats

Cited by 27 publications

References 34 publications

A Chronic Iron-Deficient/High-Manganese Diet in Rodents Results in Increased Brain Oxidative Stress and Behavioral Deficits in the Morris Water Maze

A Chronic Iron-Deficient/High-Manganese Diet in Rodents Results in Increased Brain Oxidative Stress and Behavioral Deficits in the Morris Water Maze

Iron and mechanisms of emotional behavior

Main and Interaction Effects of Iron, Zinc, Lead, and Parenting on Children's Cognitive Outcomes

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