“…SA has been extensively used in drug delivery (da Laurienzo et al, 2006;Suksamran et al, 2009), wound dressings (Goh, Heng, & Chan, 2012b;Pereira, Carvalho, Vaz, et al, 2013a), and tissue engineering (Pankongadisak, Ruktanonchai, Supaphol, & Suwantong, 2014), due to its biocompatibility, low toxicity, relatively low cost, and functional gelation by addition of polyvalent cations, such as Ca 2+ , Ba 2+ , Zn 2+ , and Cu 2+ Goh, Heng, & Chan, 2012b;Klinkajon & Supaphol, 2014;Li, Du, Tao, Deng, Luo, & Yang, 2010;Pereira, Carvalho, Vaz, et al, 2013a). Calcium-induced gelation has been demonstrated to result from specific and strong interactions between calcium ions and guluronate blocks in alginate, resulting in a so-called "egg-box" junction zone (Goh, Heng, & Chan, 2012a;Lee & Mooney, 2012;Li, Fang, Vreeker, & Appelqvist, 2007;Sikorski, Mo, Skjak-Braek, & Stokke, 2007).…”