Iron(IV) hexahydrazide clathrochelate complexes: the chronic toxicity study

Abstract

One of the main tasks in the fight against anemia is to carry out preventive measures, to develop and to introduce new preparations containing iron, to provide the pharmaceutical market with anti-anemic agents. That's why to investigate the chronic toxic effect of Iron(IV) hexahydrazide clathrochelate (new iron-containing drug) in mice was the article's aim. The study of chronic toxic effect of Iron(IV) clathrochelate was performed on 45 white mice (19–25 g) separated into 3 groups: control (I) and two experimental (II and III). Animals of II and III groups were daily fed the water solution of Iron(IV) clathrochelate at a rate of 125.8 and 251.6 mg/kg of body weight, respectively. It was monitored the dynamics of body weight of white mice, relative coefficients of the mass of internal organs, hemoglobin content and morphological parameters of blood, biochemical indices of blood serum on the 10th, 20th and 30th day of the experiment. It was established a decrease of body weight by 16–21% and relative weight indices of internal organs (liver, kidney, heart, and spleen) – by 5– 43% in white mice of II and III experimental groups, respectively. Changes in the morphological composition of the blood showed stimulation of leukocytopoiesis. A significant decrease in creatinine (hypocreatinemia) and uric acid (hypouricemia) was observed, which indicates an increase in the filtration capacity of the renal glomeruli. Complex studies of the effect of Iron(IV) clathrochelate solution (at a dose of 125.8 and 251.6 mg/kg of body weight) did not cause any visible signs of intoxication and death of animals at the first time. Iron(IV) clathrochelate solution (at a dose of 125.8 mg/kg of body weight) is demonstrated more safe effect.

Antianemic action of the iron (IV) clathrochelate complexes

“…For the first time the synthesis of iron (IV) clathrochelate it was reported as unique compounds of iron (IV), which are self-formed in aqueous solutions in the presence of oxigen of air (Tomyn et al, 2017). We conducted preclinical experiments of its acute and chronic toxicity, cumulative properties (Dukhnitsky et al, 2018(Dukhnitsky et al, , 2019(Dukhnitsky et al, , 2020. The results of our studies confirm the effectiveness of drugs with the active substance iron (IV) clathrochelate.…”

Comparative effectiveness of iron-containing drugs for the prevention of iron deficiency anemia in piglets

“…Встановлено, що активність мікроелементів у сполуках з органічними речовинами підвищується в декілька разів порівняно з іонним станом, що забезпечує ефективнішу асиміляцію металів тваринами. Своєю чергою це дозволяє поряд з цілеспрямованим впливом на обмін речовин одержувати екологічно безпечну та високоякісну продукцію (Spears, 1989;Kravtsiv et al, 1997;Herasymenko et al, 2000;Dashkovskyi & Vaseruk, 2003;Bilenchuk & Kravtsiv, 2005;Kravtsiv et al, 2008).…”

Effect of consumption of I, Se, S and nanoaquacitrates on hematological and biochemical parameters of the organism of rabbits

“…In the conditions of industrial rabbit breeding using genotypes of fast growing young rabbits, the requirements for provision of genetic potential of productivity and optimization of diets of animals are becoming more demanding (Sheiha et al, 2020). Among nutrients, an important role in the diet of rabbits is played by mineral elements that have no nutritive value but which activate enzymic systems in the organism of animals (Abdel-Wareth & Metwally, 2020;Lesyk et al, 2020). Mineral substances in physiological amounts in the organism affect the functions of hematopoiesis, endocrinous glands, resistance of the organism, microflora of the digestive tract, which is extremely important for young rabbits because their digestive tract completes its development by the third month of life, regulate metabolism, take part in biosynthesis of protein, penetrability of cellular membranes.…”

“…Development of methods of synthesis and studying properties of nanoparticles, due to their specific physical taxichemical properties, opens new perspectives of fundamental understanding of the action of nanomaterials towards the condition and functional activity of cells, organisms, as well as their practical and effective application (Swelum et al, 2021). The amount of experimental studies on obtaining and biological action of nanoparticles of metals increases annually, indicating promising opportunities of using nanoparticles in technologies of construction of highly effective medical drugs (Lesyk et al, 2020). However, it is impossible to imagine the solution to this problem without the use of contemporary achievements of nanotechnologies, molecular biology and veterinary medicine.…”