Iron-on carbon nanotube (CNT) thin films for biosensing E-Textile applications

Li, Braden M.; Yıldız, Özkan; Mills, Amanda C.; Flewwellin, Tashana J.; Bradford, Philip D.

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2020.06.057

Cited by 34 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The impedance of the 30 mm diameter sized TILE decreases to values similar to commercial electrodes above 10 Hz, where most electrophysiological measurements reside, which is unique among previously reported textile‐based dry electrodes. [ 7,9,13 ] This observed decreasing impedance trend is attributed to two possible factors. The first factor is due to the small amount of wetting of liquid metal onto the volunteer's skin as seen in the optical images of Figure 2b–d for the various sized TILEs after a single donning use.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Textile‐Integrated Liquid Metal Electrodes for Electrophysiological Monitoring

Reese

Ingram

et al. 2022

Adv Healthcare Materials

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Next generation textile‐based wearable sensing systems will require flexibility and strength to maintain capabilities over a wide range of deformations. However, current material sets used for textile‐based skin contacting electrodes lack these key properties, which hinder applications such as electrophysiological sensing. In this work, a facile spray coating approach to integrate liquid metal nanoparticle systems into textile form factors for conformal, flexible, and robust electrodes is presented. The liquid metal system employs functionalized liquid metal nanoparticles that provide a simple “peel‐off to activate” means of imparting conductivity. The spray coating approach combined with the functionalized liquid metal system enables the creation of long‐term reusable textile‐integrated liquid metal electrodes (TILEs). Although the TILEs are dry electrodes by nature, they show equal skin‐electrode impedances and sensing capabilities with improved wearability compared to commercial wet electrodes. Biocompatibility of TILEs in an in vivo skin environment is demonstrated, while providing improved sensing performance compared to previously reported textile‐based dry electrodes. The “spray on dry—behave like wet” characteristics of TILEs opens opportunities for textile‐based wearable health monitoring, haptics, and augmented/virtual reality applications that require the use of flexible and conformable dry electrodes.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Textile‐Integrated Liquid Metal Electrodes for Electrophysiological Monitoring

Reese

Ingram

et al. 2022

Adv Healthcare Materials

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“…Typically, the nanocarbon component is introduced to a flexible polymer matrix, such as polydimethylsiloxane or polyurethane, to make the device convenient to the user and ensure appropriate adhesion to the skin [ 155 , 156 ]. Recently, it was shown that this concept could be taken a step further by incorporating such sensors into textiles [ 147 , 157 , 158 ] ( Figure 9 ). What is encouraging from the practical point of view is that repeated washing of such textiles showed only a small decrease of performance of 6% in terms of electrical resistance.…”

Section: The Opportunities Offered By Wearable Sensors From Cntsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… Prototype e-Textiles for ECG measurement: ( a ) t-shirt along with visualization of the microstructure of the material by SEM modified and reproduced with permission from [ 157 ], Copyright Elsevier (2020); ( b ) woman’s smart vest modified and reproduced with permission from [ 147 ], Copyright Elsevier (2017); ( c ) smart garment with the indication of the placement of textile electrodes and a pocket for a wearable instrument to collect the data modified and reproduced with permission from [ 158 ], Copyright The Authors (2019). …”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Nanotube Wearable Sensors for Health Diagnostics

Rdest

Janas

2021

Sensors

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This perspective article highlights a recent surge of interest in the application of textiles containing carbon nanotube (CNT) sensors for human health monitoring. Modern life puts more and more pressure on humans, which translates into an increased number of various health disorders. Unfortunately, this effect either decreases the quality of life or shortens it prematurely. A possible solution to this problem is to employ sensors to monitor various body functions and indicate an upcoming disease likelihood at its early stage. A broad spectrum of materials is currently under investigation for this purpose, some of which already entered the market. One of the most promising materials in this field are CNTs. They are flexible and of high electrical conductivity, which can be modulated upon several forms of stimulation. The article begins with an illustration of techniques for how wearable sensors can be built from them. Then, their application potential for tracking various health parameters is presented. Finally, the article ends with a summary of this field’s progress and a vision of the key directions to domesticate this concept.

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“…The role of chemistry in applied materials for wearable electronics is often boundless, with an infusion of organic and inorganic materials in the same devices creating unique interfacial structures. For example, the electrodes in e-textiles can be fabricated by conductive yarns (i.e., stainless steel fibers and metal-coated fibers), metal nanoparticles (i.e., silver nanowires and copper nanoparticles), conductive polymers (i.e., PEDOT:PSS and polypyrrole), and carbon-based nanomaterials (i.e., carbon nanotube , and graphene), dielectrics can be fabricated by polymers [i.e., poly(vinylidene fluoride) and poly(4-vinyl phenol) (PVP) and ceramics (i.e., barium titanate , and hafnium oxide), and semiconductors can be processed from traditional inorganic materials (i.e., zinc oxide and titanium dioxide) and organic materials (i.e., pentacene and P3HT). However, with all the available materials, flexible electronics on textile platforms have significant limitations of processability and cost-benefit efficiency. ,, Therefore, e-textiles have often employed diverse methods of combining the aforementioned materials through processing strategies such as chemical vapor deposition, dip coating, screen printing, inkjet printing, and 3D printing .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructures in All-Inkjet-Printed Textile Capacitors with Bilayer Interfaces of Polymer Dielectrics and Metal–Organic Decomposition Silver Electrodes

Kim

Zhou

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Soft printed electronics exhibit unique structures and flexibilities suited for a plethora of wearable applications. However, forming scalable, reliable multilayered electronic devices with heterogeneous material interfaces on soft substrates, especially on porous and anisotropic structures, is highly challenging. In this study, we demonstrate an all-inkjet-printed textile capacitor using a multilayered structure of bilayer polymer dielectrics and particle-free metal−organic decomposition (MOD) silver electrodes. Understanding the inherent porous/anisotropic microstructure of textiles and their surface energy relationship was an important process step for successful planarization. The MOD silver ink formed a foundational conductive layer through the uniform encapsulation of individual fibers without blocking fiber interstices. Urethane-acrylate and poly(4-vinylphenol)-based bilayers were able to form a planarized dielectric layer on polyethylene terephthalate textiles. A unique chemical interaction at the interfaces of bilayer dielectrics performed a significant role in insulating porous textile substrates resulting in high chemical and mechanical durability. In this work, we demonstrate how textiles' unique microstructures and bilayer dielectric layer designs benefit reliability and scalability in the inkjet process as well as the use in wearable electronics with electromechanical performance.

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Iron-on carbon nanotube (CNT) thin films for biosensing E-Textile applications

Cited by 34 publications

References 38 publications

Textile‐Integrated Liquid Metal Electrodes for Electrophysiological Monitoring

Textile‐Integrated Liquid Metal Electrodes for Electrophysiological Monitoring

Carbon Nanotube Wearable Sensors for Health Diagnostics

Microstructures in All-Inkjet-Printed Textile Capacitors with Bilayer Interfaces of Polymer Dielectrics and Metal–Organic Decomposition Silver Electrodes

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