In a cohort (n81) of healthy children aged 1.5-4.5 years, measurements of energy intake and energy expenditure were compared. Energy intake was calculated following a 4 d weighed record completed by the mother or guardian of the child. Total energy expenditure was measured using the doubly-labelled water technique. Mean energy intake and expenditure in the cohort were 4773 kJ/d and 4928 kJ/d respectively. The mean relative bias between the techniques was 154 kJ/d. In the older children (3.545 years) the mean relative bias was only 37 kJ/d. At the population level the measurements of energy intake and energy expenditure were extremely close, and the study has provided sufficient confidence in weighed intake methodology for it to be used in a major nationwide study of dietary intake and nutritional status of children aged 1.5-4.5 years.Energy intake : Energy expenditure : ChildhoodThe programme of National Diet and Nutrition Surveys (NDNS) sponsored by the Department of Health and the Ministry of Agriculture Fisheries and Food (MAFF) investigates the diets and nutritional status of representative samples of the British population. The first group in this programme is children aged 1.5-4.5 years. This paper describes work that was done as a preliminary to the main study. There were major concerns that weighed dietary records in this age group might not give a sufficiently accurate picture of the dietary intake.Dietary assessment via weighed intake records has formed the basis of numerous studes of nutrition in man. In clinical work it has been recommended that weighed food intake records of up to 14 d are required while in epidemiological studies at least 3 d data are needed (Bingham, 1987). This methodology is time consuming and may lead to alterations in the dietary intake of the subject. Moreover, it has been suggested that such studies have a potential bias to under-recording both in normal individuals and in the obese (Southgate, 1986;Livingstone et al. 1990). Bandini et al. (1990) have shown significant underestimation of food intakes assessed by dietary record by both lean and obese adolescents when compared with energy expenditure estimated from the doubly-labelled water technique.In the absence of data pertaining to total energy expenditure in healthy, normally growing infants and children the Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization/United Nations University (1985) recommendations for daily energy intake are based upon studies of weighed food intake that span the last 50 years. These data show

Electronic textiles (e‐textiles) are in prime position to revolutionize the field of wearable electronics owing to their ubiquitous use and universal acceptance. However, mechanical incompatibility between the rigid conductive components on the soft textile platforms creates fragile e‐textile systems with poor electromechanical attributes. In this work, a novel design strategy to inkjet print reactive silver inks onto woven textiles with Kirigami‐inspired patterning to create e‐textiles with enhanced electromechanical features is introduced. By controlling the print processing and curing conditions, uniform conductive coatings with sheet resistances of 0.09 Ω sq−1 are achieved such that they do not interfere with the textiles innate flexibility, breathability, comfort, and fabric hand. The electromechanical coupling of the printed textiles shows a direct dependence on the anisotropic nature of the woven structures. Introducing Kirigami patterning creates robust devices that enhance and stabilize the electrical conductivity (ΔR/R0 < −20%) over large strain regimes (>150%). Furthermore, an electrocardiogram monitoring system fabricated from Kirigami e‐textiles exhibits stable signal acquisition under extreme deformations from arm joint flexion. The distinct properties of Kirigami patterning on e‐textiles enable unprecedented electromechanical performance in wearable textile electronics.

No abstract

No abstract

Pressure sensors for wearable healthcare devices, particularly force sensitive resistors (FSRs) are widely used to monitor physiological signals and human motions. However, current FSRs are not suitable for integration into wearable platforms. This work presents a novel technique for developing textile FSRs (TFSRs) using a combination of inkjet printing of metal-organic decomposition silver inks and heat pressing for facile integration into textiles. The insulating void by a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) membrane between the top and bottom textile electrodes creates an architectured piezoresistive structure. The structure functions as a simple logic switch where under a threshold pressure the electrodes make contact to create conductive paths (on-state) and without pressure return to the prior insulated condition (off-state). The TFSR can be controlled by arranging the number of layers and hole diameters of the TPU spacer to specify a wide range of activation pressures from 4.9 kPa to 7.1 MPa. For a use-case scenario in wearable healthcare technologies, the TFSR connected with a readout circuit and a mobile app shows highly stable signal acquisition from finger movement. According to the on/off state of the TFSR with LED bulbs by different weights, it can be utilized as a textile switch showing tactile feedback.