Iron removal from waterlogged wood: Extraction by electrophoresis and chemical treatments

Pelé, Charlène; Guilminot, Élodie; Labroche, Sylvie; Lemoine, Gwenaël; Baron, Gilles

doi:10.1179/2047058413y.0000000110

Cited by 20 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Since Fe is so abundant in the Earth's systems, our results may be representative of much wider regions. On the other hand, excellent Fe extraction abilities (removal of >90% Fe) of three chemical mixtures also suggest that they, in particular the MixC, can be further used as Fe extraction protocols for waterlogged archeological artifacts which are also facing Fe-staining issues (Fors et al, 2014(Fors et al, , 2012Pelé et al, 2015;Zhang and Xi, 2003).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Soluble forms of Fe in anoxic sediments can readily penetrate into buried wood tissues. When buried LSTs are extracted from lakes, cut and exposed to air, dissolved Fe is rapidly oxidized to colored Fe-oxides (oxyhydroxides, hydroxides and more crystalline Fe(III)-oxides) which may combine to wood (Pelé et al, 2015).…”

Section: Causes Of Stainmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More specifically, we compare chemical de-staining with the DBI approach as well as with conventional MXD data. The following hypotheses were formulated: (1) the stain of LSTs is mainly caused by oxidation of Fe (Hyacinthe et al, 2006;Kostka and Luther, 1994;Pelé et al, 2015;Zhang and Xi, 2003), which can be removed using some anti-oxidant reagents; (2) chemical de-staining and DBI can greatly improve BI-based temperature reconstructions, making them comparable to MXD data. We first treated thin wood laths of stained LSTs using seven potential chemical reagents and quantified the proportion of Fe extracted by chemicals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical de-staining and the delta correction for blue intensity measurements of stained lake subfossil trees

Wang¹,

Arseneault²,

Boucher³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Abstract. The stain of wood samples from lake subfossil trees (LSTs) is challenging the wide application of the blue intensity (BI) technique for millennial dendroclimatic reconstructions. In this study, we used seven chemical de-staining reagents to treat samples of subfossil black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.)) trees from two lakes in the eastern Canadian boreal forest. We subsequently compared latewood BI (LBI) and delta BI (DBI) time series along with conventional maximum latewood density (MXD) measured from the stained and de-stained samples. Results show that the stain of our samples is most likely caused by post-sampling oxidation of dissolved ferrous iron in lake sediments that penetrated into wood. Three reagents (ascorbic acid, sodium ascorbate and sodium dithionite all mixed with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) could remove > 90 % of Fe. However, even for the best chemical protocol, a discrepancy of about +2 °C compared to MXD data remains in the LBI-based temperature reconstruction due to incomplete de-staining. On the contrary, the simple mathematical delta correction, DBI is unaffected by Fe stain and shows very similar results compared to MXD data (r > 0.82) from annual to centennial timescales over the past ~ 360 years. This study underlines the difficulty of completely de-staining lake subfossil samples, while confirming the robustness of the DBI approach. DBI data measured from stained LSTs can be used to perform robust millennial temperature reconstructions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Causes Of Stainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical de-staining and the delta correction for blue intensity measurements of stained lake subfossil trees

Wang¹,

Arseneault²,

Boucher³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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show abstract

“…Balsa wood (Ochroma pyramidale) is a light and porous wood, with a structure similar to the one of waterlogged archaeological wood. It has already been used in some research projects in mock-ups to model waterlogged wood [26]. Oak (Quercus sp.)…”

Section: Wood Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Bio-Based Extraction Methods by Spectroscopic Methods

et al. 2020

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New technologies are in development regarding the preservation of waterlogged archaeological wood items contaminated with Fe/S species. To this purpose, a bio-based treatment to extract these harmful species before further damages occur is presented. Thiobacillus denitrificans and desferoxamine were employed based on their specific properties to solubilize iron sulfides and uptake iron. The biological treatment was compared with oxidizing and complexing agents (sodium persulfate and ethylene diamine tetraacetate) traditionally used in conservation-restoration. Mock-ups of fresh balsa as well as fresh and archeological oak and pinewood were prepared to simulate degraded waterlogged wood by immersion in corrosive Fe/S solutions. The efficiency of both biological and chemical extraction methods was evaluated through ATR-FTIR and Raman spectroscopies and validated by statistical approach. Results showed that treatments did not affect the wood composition, meaning that no wood degradation was induced. However, the chemical method tended to bleach the samples and after treatment, reduced sulfur species were still identified by Raman analyses. Finally, statistical approaches allowed validating ATR-FTIR results.

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“…If the wood is exposed to air, the excess water evaporates, and the resulting surface tension forces of the evaporating water cause the weakened cell walls to collapse, creating considerable shrinkage and distortion (Simão et al 2017). Consequently, the dehydration and consolidation of waterlogged wood, the critical step during the conservation process, has been extensively studied (Pelé et al 2015). The dehydration and consolidation of waterlogged wood is a complex process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inserting Poly(ε-caprolactone) into Wood Cell Wall Structures for Dehydration and Consolidation of Waterlogged Scots Pine Wood

Zhang²,

Liu

et al. 2017

BioResources

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Archaeological wooden artifacts are buried in wet environments, leading to water absorption and waterlogged wood. In order to conserve these wooden cultural heritage items, dehydration and consolidation are critical steps. This study used nontoxic ε-caprolactone (CL) as the dehydration agent to replace the water in the simulated waterlogged wooden structures, inserting the poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) into the wood cell walls by oxalic acid catalysed CL ring-opening polymerization (ROP). The mechanical and chemical performance of the untreated and treated wood was evaluated. The weight gain percentage and dimensional stability of the treated wood were significantly improved. The polyester chains within the cell wall structures were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA-DTA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). FT-IR showed that the intensity of hydroxyl (-OH) absorption peaks decreased, and carbonyl (C=O) peaks attributed to the PCL addition were observed. Thermal analysis revealed that the degradation of PCL polymers was faster than that of wood components. The morphology characterization demonstrated that the treated wood was bulked with the PCL polymers.

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Iron removal from waterlogged wood: Extraction by electrophoresis and chemical treatments

Cited by 20 publications

References 27 publications

Chemical de-staining and the delta correction for blue intensity measurements of stained lake subfossil trees

Chemical de-staining and the delta correction for blue intensity measurements of stained lake subfossil trees

Evaluation of Bio-Based Extraction Methods by Spectroscopic Methods

Inserting Poly(ε-caprolactone) into Wood Cell Wall Structures for Dehydration and Consolidation of Waterlogged Scots Pine Wood

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