Irradiation as an experimental tool in studies of adult neurogenesis

Wojtowicz, J. Martin

doi:10.1002/hipo.20158

Cited by 99 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Irradiated mice displaying severe deficits in BrdU-IR, Ki67-IR, and DCX-IR cells were compared with controls (Fig. 4 B and C), as previously shown (18). X-ray irradiated mice displayed no significant differences in social avoidance, passive avoidance, or juvenile interaction behavior (Fig.…”

Section: X-ray Irradiation Before Social Defeat Attenuates the Percensupporting

confidence: 60%

Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is functionally important for stress-induced social avoidance

Lagace

Donovan

DeCarolis

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

291

235

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The long-term response to chronic stress is variable, with some individuals developing maladaptive functioning, although other "resilient" individuals do not. Stress reduces neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus subgranular zone (SGZ), but it is unknown if stress-induced changes in neurogenesis contribute to individual vulnerability. Using a chronic social defeat stress model, we explored whether the susceptibility to stress-induced social avoidance was related to changes in SGZ proliferation and neurogenesis. Immediately after social defeat, stressexposed mice (irrespective of whether they displayed social avoidance) had fewer proliferating SGZ cells labeled with the S-phase marker BrdU. The decrease was transient, because BrdU cell numbers were normalized 24 h later. The survival of BrdU cells labeled before defeat stress was also not altered. However, 4 weeks later, mice that displayed social avoidance had more surviving dentate gyrus neurons. Thus, dentate gyrus neurogenesis is increased after social defeat stress selectively in mice that display persistent social avoidance. Supporting a functional role for adult-generated dentate gyrus neurons, ablation of neurogenesis via cranial ray irradiation robustly inhibited social avoidance. These data show that the time window after cessation of stress is a critical period for the establishment of persistent cellular and behavioral responses to stress and that a compensatory enhancement in neurogenesis is related to the long-term individual differences in maladaptive responses to stress. dentate gyrus | nestin-GFP | posttraumatic stress disorder | social defeat | subgranular zone

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Section: X-ray Irradiation Before Social Defeat Attenuates the Percensupporting

confidence: 60%

Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is functionally important for stress-induced social avoidance

Lagace

Donovan

DeCarolis

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

291

235

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…This approach has several advantages, because it is not associated with any of the side effects that accompany the use of irradiation or the administration of pharmacologic compounds (17,18). Moreover, it targets specifically hippocampal neurogenesis without affecting olfactory neurogenesis (6,12,13).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conditional reduction of adult neurogenesis impairs bidirectional hippocampal synaptic plasticity

Massa

Koehl

Wiesner

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Adult neurogenesis is a process by which the brain produces new neurons once development has ceased. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis has been linked to the relational processing of spatial information, a role attributed to the contribution of newborn neurons to long-term potentiation (LTP). However, whether newborn neurons also influence long-term depression (LTD), and how synaptic transmission and plasticity are affected as they incorporate their network, remain to be determined. To address these issues, we took advantage of a genetic model in which a majority of adult-born neurons can be selectively ablated in the dentate gyrus (DG) and, most importantly, in which neurogenesis can be restored on demand. Using electrophysiological recordings, we show that selective reduction of adult-born neurons impairs synaptic transmission at medial perforant pathway synapses onto DG granule cells. Furthermore, LTP and LTD are largely compromised at these synapses, probably as a result of an increased induction threshold. Whereas the deficits in synaptic transmission and plasticity are completely rescued by restoring neurogenesis, these synapses regain their ability to express LTP much faster than their ability to express LTD. These results demonstrate that both LTP and LTD are influenced by adult neurogenesis. They also indicate that as newborn neurons integrate their network, the ability to express bidirectional synaptic plasticity is largely improved at these synapses. These findings establish that adult neurogenesis is an important process for synaptic transmission and bidirectional plasticity in the DG, accounting for its role in efficiently integrating novel incoming information and in forming new memories.

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“…To date, this work has taken place primarily in the hippocampus and has been focused on learning and memory tasks [Denny et al, 2014; but see also Bardy et al, 2010]. These findings build on earlier tests of new neuron function based on examining behavioral effects of reducing [Shors et al, 2001;Winocur et al, 2006;Wojtowicz, 2006;Capilla-Gonzalez et al, 2016] or increasing new neuron numbers [Jurado-Arjona et al, 2016;Kapgal et al, 2016]. Converging evidence from such direct manipulations suggests that new neurons may serve equivalent functions in both the hippocampus and olfactory bulb [Ming and Song, 2011], and two general theses have emerged.…”

Section: Direct Approaches To Understanding New Neuron Function: Renementioning

confidence: 89%

Adult Neurogenesis in the Songbird: Region-Specific Contributions of New Neurons to Behavioral Plasticity and Stability

Pytte

2016

Brain Behav Evol

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Our understanding of the role of new neurons in learning and encoding new information has been largely based on studies of new neurons in the mammalian dentate gyrus and olfactory bulb - brain regions that may be specialized for learning. Thus the role of new neurons in regions that serve other functions has yet to be fully explored. The song system provides a model for studying new neuron function in brain regions that contribute differently to song learning, song auditory discrimination, and song motor production. These regions subserve learning as well as long-term storage of previously learned information. This review examines the differences between learning-based and activity-based retention of new neurons and explores the potential contributions of new neurons to behavioral stability in the song motor production pathway.

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Irradiation as an experimental tool in studies of adult neurogenesis

Cited by 99 publications

References 38 publications

Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is functionally important for stress-induced social avoidance

Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is functionally important for stress-induced social avoidance

Conditional reduction of adult neurogenesis impairs bidirectional hippocampal synaptic plasticity

Adult Neurogenesis in the Songbird: Region-Specific Contributions of New Neurons to Behavioral Plasticity and Stability

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