Irrigation water consumption and its impact on the groundwater aquifer of Wadi Uranah, Makkah, Saudi Arabia using remote sensing techniques

Effect of irrigation with saline magnetized water and different soil amendments on growth and flower production of Calendula officinalis L. plants

“…Saudi Arabia, more pressure has been put on fresh-water resources because of increased demand and limited resources. Agricultural sector in Saudi Arabia is the dominant user of freshwater using around 88% of the total amount of water utilized for different purposes ( Gabr et al, 2020 ). Therefore, finding alternative sources for irrigation water could significantly help in alleviating pressure on limited fresh-water resources.…”

Water Resource Evaluation and Identifying Groundwater Potential Zones in Arid area using Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System

“…Besides, Asir Province has mountains, including Mount Sawda (3133 m), the highest one in KSA (DeNicola et al, 2015). On the side of the peninsula, people can see the Great Rift fault and escarpments that run along the Red Sea sandwiched between the Gulfs of Aqaba and Aden (Gabr et al, 2018;Madani et al, 2019). Regarding the escarpment, its eastern side slope remains comparatively placid and drops to the visible shield of the ancient land forming formed before the occurrence of the faulting process.…”

“…Moreover, the technicians established that the Wasilla, the biggest underground water point in KSA has more water as compared to the Persian Gulf. In this regard, the Saudi government, the United Nations (UN) and Saudi Aramco, as well as Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) have established individual and combined efforts to explore groundwater resources (Madani and Niyazi, 2015;Gabr et al, 2018). Nevertheless, with this joint efforts, Saudi Arabia meets its citizens' water needs through the various water's sources, such as nonrenewable and renewable groundwater, desalinated water, renewable surface water and treated wastewater.…”

Optimization of Subsurface Smart Irrigation System for Sandy Soils of Arid Climate

“…Naturally, desert regions have very low availability of biological water [5], and most of the agricultural activities are irrigation dependent. The agriculture sector consumes the largest amount of water (about 88%) in the country by means of irrigation [6]. The country has minimal overall precipitation and lacks permanent rivers and freshwater lakes; therefore, the main reliability of irriga-tion is on groundwater.…”