Irritant Principles of the Spurge Family (Euphorbiaceae) XIII. Oligocyclic and Macrocyclic Diterpene Esters from Latices of Some Euphorbia Species Utilized as Source Plants of Honey

Sosath, Sigrid; Ott, Hans; Hecker, Erich

doi:10.1021/np50060a003

Cited by 42 publications

(34 citation statements)

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“…It is also isolated from carrots, Euphorbia species and Alkanna tinctoria (Sonobe et al, 1981;Sosath et al, 1988;Papageorgiou, 1978). It has been reported to aid in wound healing in clinical study (Papageorgiou, 1978) and used as sedative and antispasmodic (Ernest, 2006) and psychotropic (Rhind, 2012), but not in skin aspects such as for therapeutic and cosmeceutical use.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photodamage attenuation effect by angelic acid in UVA irradiation-induced damages in normal human dermal fibroblast

2018

biomed dermatol

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Background: Among various extra stimuli of humans, ultraviolet (UV) has been the most studied factor because it arouses not only internal but also external irritation in the body. UVA, one type of UV rays, has a wavelength between 320 and 400 nm and capacity to penetrate the skin dermal layer. Therefore, studies on how to reduce UVA-induced maleficence have been investigated vibrantly. Angelic acid has been demonstrated to aid in wound healing and exhibited sedative and psychotropic properties. But there have not been sufficient reports whether angelic acid has potential properties in the cosmeceutical aspect. Methods: To investigate protective effects of angelic acid on UVA-induced oxidative stress and disruption of extracellular matrix, researchers analyzed cell proliferation rate, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging capacity, cellular senescence, transcriptional activity of activating protein-1 (AP-1) transcription factor, and gene expression of antioxidant enzymes and connective tissue-related proteins.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photodamage attenuation effect by angelic acid in UVA irradiation-induced damages in normal human dermal fibroblast

2018

biomed dermatol

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“…The terminology of toxic Euphorbia factors and non-toxic Euphorbia substances used was de®ned by Sosath et al (1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary cancer risk from conditional cancerogens (tumor promoters) in produce of livestock fed on species of spurge ( Euphorbiaceae )

Nawito¹,

Ahmed

Shalaby³

et al. 2001

Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology

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The feeding of lactating goats on usual green fodder, contaminated with Euphorbia helioscopia or E. nubica, results in poisoning of the dams as well as their suckling kids. General signs of toxicity were emaciation, depression, shedding of body hair, arching of back, and possible death. Post-mortem changes of dams and dead suckling kids included congestion and hemorrhage in cardiac muscle, lung, liver, and kidneys. Blood analyses of goats exposed to these contaminants showed an increased level of serum alanine amino transferase compared to control samples, indicating cellular destruction in the liver. The latter was confirmed by histopathological changes in the organ which include severe congestion, necrosis, and degenerative changes. The goats also suffered from deterioration of renal function as indicated by increased blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels. In histopathologic inspections of kidney, severe congestion, hemorrhage in the cortex and medulla, as well as necrosis of epithelial cells of kidney tubules were noticed. Considerable degenerative changes were also observed in heart and lung. The pathophysiological appearances indicate that by feeding on the Euphorbia species mentioned above, the goats are poisoned in a way similar to the case of E. peplus reported previously. Such intoxication most likely is due to irritant and hyperplasiogenic diterpene ester (DTE) toxins, usually present in the aerial parts of Euphorbia species and well known as tumor promoters in mouse skin. After ingestion of the toxic plant parts by the goats, the DTE toxins might be metabolized and thereby partially detoxified. Yet, at least in part, they may show up in the milk of the goats, as indicated by severe poisoning of their suckling kids. As discussed previously in lactating goats fed on fodder contaminated with E. peplus, tumor promoters of the DTE type may enter the human food chain via this source of milk. Such milk may be considered a valuable etiologic model for the investigation of economic, ecologic, and public health problems raised by human diet polluted with tumor promoters, i.e., conditional (non-genotoxic) cancerogens.

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“…Such a risk may also arise from indirect exposure to the particular plant species e.g. by ingestion of DTE-polluted honey collected by honey bees from Euphorbiaceae (Sosath et al 1988;von der Ohe 1991;Kretschmer et al 1993) or by ingestion of DTE-polluted milk from cattle fed on Euphorbiaceae species . 1 This paper is dedicated to Gustav Wagner, senior founding director at the Deutsche Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), on the occasion of his 80 th birthday and in appreciation of his contributions to starting the DKFZ in 1964 and to its development in the years to follow both as the ®rst elected Chairman of the former Directorium and as the appointed Director of the Institute of Documentation, Information and Statistics 2 For paper II in this series see Nawito et al (1998) Arcus et al 1995) For example, in Egypt, Euphorbia peplus is one of the most common herbaceous Euphorbia species, growing vigorously among ®eld crops and fodder plants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary cancer risk from conditional cancerogens in produce of livestock fed on species of spurge ( Euphorbiaceae )

Zayed

Farghaly

Taha

et al. 1998

Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology

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Special procedures were developed to investigate poisonous milk of lactating goats fed experimentally on aerial parts of the herb Euphorbia peplus L. In extracts of the milk, weakly irritant in the mouse-ear assay, three diterpene ester toxins were detected by techniques of high-performance liquid chromatography. They are of the ingenane structural type: Euphorbia factor Pel (ingenol 20-acetate 3-angelate), Euphorbia factor Pe2 (20-deoxyingenol 3-angelate) and Euphorbia factor Pe4 (20-deoxyingenol-6alpha,7alpha-epoxide 3-angelate). From goats milk collected 15 days after cessation of the experimental feeding period, extracts were completely free of diterpene ester toxins. The toxins polluting the milk are identical to diterpene ester entities occurring in the aerial parts of E. peplus. Of these, Euphorbia factors Pel and Pe2 are known as promoters of tumors of mouse skin. Apart from the toxic Euphorbia factors, the non-toxic parent alcohol ingenol was also detected in the milk. It is absent in the plant, and may have been generated metabolically from a certain portion of the toxic diterpene esters picked up by the goats from their fodder. The results presented here provide, for the first time, data for a novel interpretation of the locally high incidence of esophageal cancer observed in certain areas in the Caspian littoral of Iran, associated with a greater consumption of goat's (and sheep's) milk.

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Irritant Principles of the Spurge Family (Euphorbiaceae) XIII. Oligocyclic and Macrocyclic Diterpene Esters from Latices of Some Euphorbia Species Utilized as Source Plants of Honey

Cited by 42 publications

References 20 publications

Photodamage attenuation effect by angelic acid in UVA irradiation-induced damages in normal human dermal fibroblast

Photodamage attenuation effect by angelic acid in UVA irradiation-induced damages in normal human dermal fibroblast

Dietary cancer risk from conditional cancerogens (tumor promoters) in produce of livestock fed on species of spurge ( Euphorbiaceae )

Dietary cancer risk from conditional cancerogens in produce of livestock fed on species of spurge ( Euphorbiaceae )

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