Irvingia gabonensis: Phytochemical Constituents, Bioactive Compounds, Traditional and Medicinal Uses

Mahunu, Gustav Komla; Quansah, Lydia; Tahir, Haroon Elrasheid; Mariod, Abdalbasit Adam

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-31885-7_21

Cited by 6 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Although coronary artery microthrombi formation was observed histopathologically in the rat hearts intoxicated with TZM but this was for profoundly improved with repeated oral CVE and IGE pretreatments with coronary artery revascularization observed in rat heart pretreated with IGE . CVE and IGE have reported to be abundantly rich in polyphenols and have been attributed to responsible for the high antioxidant activities of the plants [ 9 , 16 , 17 , 25 , 27 ]. Thus, the presence of polyphenols in high amounts in these extracts could be responsible for the observed cardioprotection offered against TZM cardiotoxicity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is also a rich source of flavonoids (quercetin and kaempferol), ellagic acid, mono-, di-, and tri-O-methyl-ellagic acids, and their glycosides which are potent antioxidants [ 21 , 22 ]. Phytochemical analysis of its seeds showed that it contains tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, steroids, carbohydrate, volatile oils, and terpenoids [ 23 – 25 ] and its proximate composition of moisture 1.4 ± 0.11%, ash 6.8 ± 0.12%, crude lipid 7.9 ± 0.01%, crude fibre 21.6 ± 0.45%, and crude protein 5.6 ± 0.20% [ 25 ]. Similarly, proximate analysis of its soup shows that it contains 9% protein, 70.42% fat, 4.61% fibre, 1.92% ash, and 11.91% carbohydrate [ 26 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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African Vegetables (Clerodendrum volubile Leaf and Irvingia gabonensis Seed Extracts) Effectively Mitigate Trastuzumab-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Wistar Rats

Olorundare

Adeneye

Akinsola

et al. 2020

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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Trastuzumab (TZM) is a humanized monoclonal antibody that has been approved for the clinical management of HER2-positive metastatic breast and gastric cancers but its use is limited by its cumulative dose and off-target cardiotoxicity. Unfortunately, till date, there is no approved antidote to this off-target toxicity. Therefore, an acute study was designed at investigating the protective potential and mechanism(s) of CVE and IGE in TZM-induced cardiotoxicity utilizing cardiac enzyme and oxidative stress markers and histopathological endpoints. 400 mg/kg/day CVE and IGE dissolved in 5% DMSO in sterile water were investigated in Wistar rats injected with 2.25 mg/kg/day/i.p. route of TZM for 7 days, using serum cTnI and LDH, complete lipid profile, cardiac tissue oxidative stress markers assays, and histopathological examination of TZM-intoxicated heart tissue. Results showed that 400 mg/kg/day CVE and IGE profoundly attenuated increases in the serum cTnI and LDH levels but caused no significant alterations in the serum lipids and weight gain pattern in the treated rats. CVE and IGE profoundly attenuated alterations in the cardiac tissue oxidative stress markers’ activities while improving TZM-associated cardiac histological lesions. These results suggest that CVE and IGE could be mediating its cardioprotection via antioxidant, free radical scavenging, and antithrombotic mechanisms, thus, highlighting the therapeutic potentials of CVE and IGE in the management of TZM-mediated cardiotoxicity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

African Vegetables (Clerodendrum volubile Leaf and Irvingia gabonensis Seed Extracts) Effectively Mitigate Trastuzumab-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Wistar Rats

Olorundare

Adeneye

Akinsola

et al. 2020

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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“…They could therefore provide supplements for the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries [220,323]. The ascorbic acid concentration in the fruit mesocarp of the closely related I. gabonensis is higher than some common sources of vitamin C [324][325][326]. Furthermore, based on its high saponification value, substantial contents of lauric and myristic acid, triacylglycerol and phenolic compounds, its kernel oils have been recommended for food additives, as flavour ingredients or for processing as margarine, oil creams, cooking oils, defoaming agents, cosmetics and pharmaceutical products [327][328][329].…”

Section: Nutritional Value Of Non-timber Forest Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Future of Food: Domestication and Commercialization of Indigenous Food Crops in Africa over the Third Decade (2012–2021)

Leakey¹,

Avana

Awazi

et al. 2022

Sustainability

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This paper follows the transition from ethnobotany to a deeper scientific understanding of the food and medicinal properties of African agroforestry tree products as inputs into the start of domestication activities. It progresses on to the integration of these indigenous trees as new crops within diversified farming systems for multiple social, economic and environmental benefits. From its advent in the 1990s, the domestication of indigenous food and non-food tree species has become a global programme with a strong African focus. This review of progress in the third decade is restricted to progress in Africa, where multi-disciplinary research on over 59 species has been reported in 759 research papers in 318 science publications by scientists from over 833 research teams in 70 countries around the world (532 in Africa). The review spans 23 research topics presenting the recent research literature for tree species of high priority across the continent, as well as that in each of the four main ecological regions: the humid zone of West and Central Africa; the Sahel and North Africa; the East African highlands and drylands; and the woody savannas of Southern Africa. The main areas of growth have been the nutritional/medicinal value of non-timber forest products; the evaluation of the state of natural resources and their importance to local people; and the characterization of useful traits. However, the testing of putative cultivars; the implementation of participatory principles; the protection of traditional knowledge and intellectual property rights; and the selection of elite trees and ideotypes remain under-researched. To the probable detriment of the upscaling and impact in tropical agriculture, there has been, at the international level, a move away from decentralized, community-based tree domestication towards a laboratory-based, centralized approach. However, the rapid uptake of research by university departments and national agricultural research centres in Africa indicates a recognition of the importance of the indigenous crops for both the livelihoods of rural communities and the revitalization and enhanced outputs from agriculture in Africa, especially in West Africa. Thus, on a continental scale, there has been an uptake of research with policy relevance for the integration of indigenous trees in agroecosystems and their importance for the attainment of the UN Sustainable Development Goals. To progress this in the fourth decade, there will need to be a dedicated Centre in Africa to test and develop cultivars of indigenous crops. Finally, this review underpins a holistic approach to mitigating climate change, as well as other big global issues such as hunger, poverty and loss of wildlife habitat by reaping the benefits, or ‘profits’, from investment in the five forms of Capital, described as ‘land maxing’. However, policy and decision makers are not yet recognizing the potential for holistic and transformational adoption of these new indigenous food crop opportunities for African agriculture. Is ‘political will’ the missing sixth capital for sustainable development?

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“…Irvingia gabonensis (Aubry-Le Comte ex O'Rorke) Bail belonging to the family, Irvingiaceae, is known as African Mango (in English). Its other common names include bread tree, African wild mango, wild mango, and bush mango [ 30 , 31 ], and its local names include Apon (in Yoruba, Southwest Nigeria), Ogbono (in Igbo, Southeast Nigeria), and Goron or biri (in Hausa, Northern Nigeria) [ 32 , 33 ]. Irvingia gabonensis is widely cultivated in West African countries including southwest and southeast Nigeria, southern Cameroon, Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, Togo, and Benin, to produce its edible fruit whose seed is used in the preparation of local delicious viscous soup for swallowing yam and cassava puddings [ 34 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Phytochemical analysis of its seeds showed that it contains tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, steroids, carbohydrate, volatile oils, and terpenoids [ 33 , 37 , 38 ] and its proximate composition of moisture 1.4 ± 0.11%, ash 6.8 ± 0.12%, crude lipid 7.9 ± 0.01%, crude fiber 21.6 ± 0.45%, and crude protein 5.6 ± 0.20% [ 33 ]. Pure compounds already isolated from the seed extract of include: methyl 2-[2-formyl-5-(hydroxymethyl)-1 H-pyrrol1yl]-propanoate, kaempferol-3-0- β -D-6 ″ (p-coumaroyl) glucopyranoside and lupeol (3 β -lup-20(29)-en-3-ol).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Irvingia gabonensis Seed Extract: An Effective Attenuator of Doxorubicin-Mediated Cardiotoxicity in Wistar Rats

Olorundare

Adeneye

Akinsola

et al. 2020

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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Cardiotoxicity as an off-target effect of doxorubicin therapy is a major limiting factor for its clinical use as a choice cytotoxic agent. Seeds of Irvingia gabonensis have been reported to possess both nutritional and medicinal values which include antidiabetic, weight losing, antihyperlipidemic, and antioxidative effects. Protective effects of Irvingia gabonensis ethanol seed extract (IGESE) was investigated in doxorubicin (DOX)-mediated cardiotoxicity induced with single intraperitoneal injection of 15 mg/kg of DOX following the oral pretreatments of Wistar rats with 100-400 mg/kg/day of IGESE for 10 days, using serum cardiac enzyme markers (cardiac troponin I (cTI) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)), cardiac tissue oxidative stress markers (catalase (CAT), malonyldialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and reduced glutathione (GSH)), and cardiac histopathology endpoints. In addition, both qualitative and quantitative analyses to determine IGESE’s secondary metabolites profile and its in vitro antioxidant activities were also conducted. Results revealed that serum cTnI and LDH were significantly elevated by the DOX treatment. Similarly, activities of tissue SOD, CAT, GST, and GSH levels were profoundly reduced, while GPx activity and MDA levels were profoundly increased by DOX treatment. These biochemical changes were associated with microthrombi formation in the DOX-treated cardiac tissues on histological examination. However, oral pretreatments with 100-400 mg/kg/day of IGESE dissolved in 5% DMSO in distilled water significantly attenuated increases in the serum cTnI and LDH, prevented significant alterations in the serum lipid profile and the tissue activities and levels of oxidative stress markers while improving cardiovascular disease risk indices and DOX-induced histopathological lesions. The in vitro antioxidant studies showed IGESE to have good antioxidant profile and contained 56 major secondary metabolites prominent among which are γ-sitosterol, Phytol, neophytadiene, stigmasterol, vitamin E, hexadecanoic acid and its ethyl ester, Phytyl palmitate, campesterol, lupeol, and squalene. Overall, both the in vitro and in vivo findings indicate that IGESE may be a promising prophylactic cardioprotective agent against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity, at least in part mediated via IGESE’s antioxidant and free radical scavenging and antithrombotic mechanisms.

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Irvingia gabonensis: Phytochemical Constituents, Bioactive Compounds, Traditional and Medicinal Uses

Cited by 6 publications

References 34 publications

African Vegetables (Clerodendrum volubile Leaf and Irvingia gabonensis Seed Extracts) Effectively Mitigate Trastuzumab-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Wistar Rats

African Vegetables (Clerodendrum volubile Leaf and Irvingia gabonensis Seed Extracts) Effectively Mitigate Trastuzumab-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Wistar Rats

The Future of Food: Domestication and Commercialization of Indigenous Food Crops in Africa over the Third Decade (2012–2021)

Irvingia gabonensis Seed Extract: An Effective Attenuator of Doxorubicin-Mediated Cardiotoxicity in Wistar Rats

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