Is a quantitative risk assessment of air quality in underground parking garages possible?

Glorennec, Philippe; Bonvallot, Nathalie; Mandin, Corinne; Goupil, G.; Pernelet-Joly, Valérie; Millet, Maurice; Filleul, Laurent; Moullec, Yvon Le; Alary, René

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0668.2008.00529.x

Cited by 27 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…48 The response of this sensor toward NO 2 shows the well-known increase in resistance upon exposure, typical of an n-type semiconductor toward an oxidizing atmosphere in dry synthetic air at 300 °C (Figure S7). This range is slightly higher than the upper time-weighted average exposure limit in the EU (0.1 ppm) for air quality standards in urban areas and 1 day exposure times; 49 however, in specific areas such as underground parking garages 50 or ice arenas, 51 the values can be higher. However, responses of 56% toward 0.2 ppm of NO 2 , as illustrated in Figure S7b, demonstrate that these values can be easily detected with the devices presented here.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Site-Specific Growth and in Situ Integration of Different Nanowire Material Networks on a Single Chip: Toward a Nanowire-Based Electronic Nose for Gas Detection

et al. 2018

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A new method for the site-selective synthesis of nanowires has been developed to enable material growth with defined morphology and, at the same time, different composition on the same chip surface. The chemical vapor deposition approach for the growth of these nanowire-based resistive devices using micromembranes can be easily modified and represents a simple, adjustable fabrication process for the direct integration of nanowire meshes in multifunctional devices. This proof-of-concept study includes the deposition of SnO, WO, and Ge nanowires on the same chip. The individual resistors exhibit adequate gas sensing responses toward changing gas concentrations of CO, NO, and humidity diluted in synthetic air. The data have been processed by principal component analysis with cluster responses that can be easily separated, and thus, the devices described herein are in principle suitable for environmental monitoring.

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Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Site-Specific Growth and in Situ Integration of Different Nanowire Material Networks on a Single Chip: Toward a Nanowire-Based Electronic Nose for Gas Detection

et al. 2018

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“…In New Delhi, India the maximum 8 h average concentrations in three parking garages ranged from 14–24 ppb [ 55 ]. On the other hand, very high levels were observed in a study in Paris, France, with maximum NO 2 1 h averages ranging from 189 to 261 ppb in three parking garages [ 56 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring the Air Quality Using Low-Cost Air Sensors in a Parking Garage at University of Minnesota, USA

Gonzalez

Boies

Swanson

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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The concentration of air pollutants in underground parking garages has been found to be higher compared to ambient air. Vehicle emissions from cold starts are the main sources of air pollution in underground parking garages. Eight days of measurements, using low-cost air sensors, were conducted at one underground parking garage at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. The CO, NO, NO2, and PM2.5 daily average concentrations in the parking garage were measured to be higher, by up to more than an order of magnitude, compared to the ambient concentration. There is positive correlation between exit traffic flow and the air concentrations in the parking garage for lung deposited surface area (LDSA), CO2, NO, and CO. Fuel specific emission factors were calculated for CO, NO, and NOx. Ranging from 25 to 28 g/kgfuel for CO, from 1.3 to 1.7 g/kgfuel for NO, and from 2.1 to 2.7 g/kgfuel for NOx. Regulated emissions were also calculated for CO and NOx with values of 2.4 to 2.9 and 0.19 to 0.25 g/mile, respectively. These emissions are about 50% higher than the 2017 U.S. emission standards for CO and nearly an order magnitude higher for NOx.

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“…The later range, due to system limitations, is slightly higher than the upper time-weighted average (TWA) exposure limit defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the European Environmental Agency for 1 h exposure (European Environment Agency, 2006) (0.1 ppm). However, in some specific indoor environments such as ice arenas, underground parking areas, or pools, the concentrations of this gas can reach higher values (Glorennec et al, 2008). In the same way, the behavior of the sensors when exposed to 2.5-25 ppm to CO was studied.…”

Section: Sensor Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen Dioxide Selective Sensor for Humid Environments Based on Octahedral Indium Oxide

et al. 2021

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We report the growth of micrometer-sized In2O3 octahedral structures, which are next aligned in chains using dielectrophoresis on top of microhotplates with prepatterned electrodes and integrated heater to work as chemoresistive gas sensors. The devices are relatively fast (180 s), highly sensitive (response up to ~256%), and selective toward NO2 in humid environments, showing little response to O2 and ethanol, and being completely insensitive to CO and CH4. The here-presented fabrication method can be easily extended as a cost-effective post-process in CMOS-compatible microhotplate fabrication and, thus, represents a promising candidate for indoor and outdoor air quality monitoring devices.

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Is a quantitative risk assessment of air quality in underground parking garages possible?

Cited by 27 publications

References 29 publications

Site-Specific Growth and in Situ Integration of Different Nanowire Material Networks on a Single Chip: Toward a Nanowire-Based Electronic Nose for Gas Detection

Site-Specific Growth and in Situ Integration of Different Nanowire Material Networks on a Single Chip: Toward a Nanowire-Based Electronic Nose for Gas Detection

Measuring the Air Quality Using Low-Cost Air Sensors in a Parking Garage at University of Minnesota, USA

Nitrogen Dioxide Selective Sensor for Humid Environments Based on Octahedral Indium Oxide

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