Is breakfast the most important meal of the day?

Betts, James A.; Chowdhury, Enhad A.; Gonzalez, Javier T.; Richardson, Judith D.; Tsintzas, Kostas; Thompson, Dylan

doi:10.1017/s0029665116000318

Cited by 66 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 92 publications

(262 reference statements)

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“…These studies, alone and when included as part of systematic reviews, have produced inconsistent results [3,16,17] . Recent clinical trials that have examined the association between breakfast consumption and weight have shown that body weights in the breakfast/no-breakfast groups were not different after 6 or 16 weeks [8,18] .…”

Section: Breakfast and Weightmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Breakfast Consumption versus Breakfast Skipping: The Effect on Nutrient Intake, Weight, and Cognition

O’Neil¹,

Nicklas²

2019

Nestlé Nutrition Institute Workshop Series

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Breakfast has long been promoted as the most important meal of the day. However, the lack of standard definitions of breakfast, breakfast consumers, and breakfast skippers, and the lack of a description of how "important" the meal is, especially compared with other meals, has hampered the ability to confirm this long-held belief. This review discusses potential definitions of breakfast and breakfast skippers, and how these definitions can affect how researchers, nutrition educators, and policy makers interpret data and make recommendations. Overall, breakfast, especially meals including ready-to-eat cereal, contributes to overall nutrient intake and diet quality. However, the association of breakfast consumption and weight parameters or cognition in children is controversial. Finally, challenges, opportunities, and research gaps with breakfast studies are discussed. The question of whether breakfast is the most important meal of the day remains unanswered.

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Section: Breakfast and Weightmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…How can we know this if we do not know what breakfast is? It is also unclear what is meant by "important" [8] . Important how: To nutrient contribution?…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breakfast Consumption versus Breakfast Skipping: The Effect on Nutrient Intake, Weight, and Cognition

O’Neil¹,

Nicklas²

2019

Nestlé Nutrition Institute Workshop Series

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“…Micronutrient deficiencies such as in iron, vitamin A, D, magnesium and zinc, among others, are common in many developing countries and named as "hidden hunger". An important step towards achieving a healthy and rich diet is a regular consumption of breakfast, which provides a higher percentage of micronutrients than other meals [3][4][5][6]. In 1960, Adelle Davis stressed the status of breakfast as the most important meal of the day [7] and later studies detailed that ideally between 15% and 25% of our daily energy intake should be consumed at breakfast [3,7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Importance of Health Claims in the Adoption of New Breakfast Cereal Products in the UK

Costa‐Font

Revoredo‐Giha

2019

Nutrients

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Regular breakfast consumption has the potential to prevent the prevalence of NCDs and to improve the nutritional profile of diets. Given consumers’ interest in improving their diets, food suppliers are interested in introducing new cereal products making different health claims to capture consumers’ attention. The purpose of this study is threefold: first, it aims to understand whether UK food suppliers are working to increase the availability of breakfast cereals with healthy and nutritious attributes; second, it explores which companies are leading the launch of these products; and third, it assesses to what extent health and nutrition claims made by breakfast cereals have an impact on their market success. The study employs an assembled database combining data from Mintel Global New Products Database (GNPD) and Kantar Worldpanel Dataset (KWDS) for the UK. A hazard-based duration model was used to analyse the success of the new products launched in the UK market in 2011 following them up to 2015. Our results reveal that UK suppliers broadened the number of breakfast cereals on offer in the period 2000 to 2018, with a particular focus on multigrain cereals, porridge and granola. Health and nutrition claims were added to 27% of these products. Although consumers welcome healthy alternatives such as muesli, the impact of positional claims on the success of newly developed breakfast cereals is claim-specific. No clear pattern regarding the impact of health and nutrition claims is identified. However, other elements such as celiac-friendly ingredients and UK origin do have a positive impact on the success of breakfast cereals.

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“…Regarding breakfast, there are several studies in scientific literature agreeing that the first meal of the day represent an important habit associated with better metabolic health [38,39]. Therefore, public health recommendations regarding breakfast and health advice that people eat breakfast [40].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meal habits and metabolic status in Southern Italian adults

Zappalà

Platania

Paladino

et al. 2019

NHA

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BACKGROUND:Recently eating habits, such as breakfast, snaking, and out-of-home meals, have been shown to influence metabolic health of general population. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to explore the association between meal habits and metabolic status in Southern Italian adults. METHODS: Data from the Mediterranean healthy Eating, Aging and Lifestyle study was used, including a total of 1952 subjects. RESULTS: Individuals having type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemias, and hypertension were more likely to adhere to a diet characterized by skipping breakfast, having unhealthy snacks and having out-of-home meals. Having breakfast was associated with higher odds of having dyslipidemias (OR = 2.71, 95% CI: 1.74, 4.23); having snacks was associated with higher odds of being obese (OR = 2.09, 95% CI: 1.42, 3.09); and having out-of-home meals was associated with higher odds of having dyslipidemias (OR = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.03, 2.32) and hypertension (OR = 1.61, 95% CI: 1.18, 2.21). CONCLUSIONS:The results of this study indicate that eating habits may be associated with metabolic status in adults living in the Mediterranean area.

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Is breakfast the most important meal of the day?

Cited by 66 publications

References 92 publications

Breakfast Consumption versus Breakfast Skipping: The Effect on Nutrient Intake, Weight, and Cognition

Breakfast Consumption versus Breakfast Skipping: The Effect on Nutrient Intake, Weight, and Cognition

Importance of Health Claims in the Adoption of New Breakfast Cereal Products in the UK

Meal habits and metabolic status in Southern Italian adults

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