Is citral´s anti-inflammatory action capable of changing the hypothalamic inflammation in obese mice?

Abstract

Obesity is linked to an inflammatory process in the different tissues of the body, including hypothalamic regions that are crucial for energy homeostasis. Citral, is a monoterpene with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and other activities. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of citral on hypothalamic inflammation triggered by obesity in male Swiss mice, and to determine the effect of citral on the concentration of pro-inflammatory mediators in the tissue. Obese male Swiss mice were treated orally with citral (25, 100 and 300 mg/kg) for seven, 14 and 21 consecutive days. Hypothalamus samples were used to determine cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6. Hypothalamic inflammation was not installed in the Swiss mice. There are different studies that report the anti-inflammatory action of citral, as well as its action on the body weight of obese mice, however C57BL/6J mice have a better profile in the investigation of indicative parameters of diet-induced obesity. An analysis of the action of citral on hypothalamic inflammation and evolution of body weight in other strain, like C57BL/6J mice is relevant.

Comparative study of Resistin and Glucose levels in COVID-19 patients

“…also, Previous studies have pointed out that resistin plays a role in pro-inflammatory processes. and that the expression of resistin has been the result of the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) (Su et al, 2019) pointed out Darif etal there is a severe clinical condition in COVID-19 called cytokine storm caused by systemic hyper-inflammation and excessive secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (Darif et al, 2021)This leads to an increase in the hormone resistin ,besides, resistin could also stimulate the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines,so Chronic inflammation is a major and well-known cause of insulin resistance (Raimundoa et al, 2021) Al-Harithy and Al-Ghamdi reported that resistin levels positively correlated with insulin resistance only in people with higher resistin levels (Al-Harithy and Al-Ghamdi, 2005) The study indicated by Gual et al that resistin levels might be the principal factor that induced insulin resistance at high levels (Gual et al, 2003)Insulin resistance (IR) is due to a reduced tissue sensitivity to insulin and refers to the inability of the pancreas to secrete sufficient insulin for blood glucose regulation (Govender et al, 2021).and Insulin is a hormone secreted by the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas; it stimulates glucose transport to muscle, adipose tissue, and the liver (Davids et al, 2020). Failure of glucose regulation leads to diabetes (Lauterbach and Wunderlich ,2017)Therefore, it is High baseline levels of resistin have been associated with an increased risk of type diabetes2 (Parafiniuk et al, 2022) Interestingly, resistin is also expressed inside the β-cells of pancreatic islets, in association with insulin.…”