Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a genetically heterogeneous clonal disease defined by the proliferation and accumulation of immature hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow and blood. This study aimed to evaluate the CD47 and CD274 (PD-L1) expression in Iraqi AML patients and its role in the disease and evasion of malignant cells from immune system. The study was conducted on 85 patients diagnosed with leukemia, 25 of them were excluded as they had taken chemotherapy for less than a week and because the proportion of tumor cells was less than 20%. Virtually, it was conducted on 60 patients with AML and 20 healthy individuals as a control group.  The expression of CD47 and CD274 (PD-L1) was evaluated using flow cytometry in the peripheral blood of AML samples only.  Also MMP-2 level in serum was evaluated via ELISA in both AML and control samples. The expression of CD47 and CD274 in AML patients was found to be high. Analysis of CD274 (PDL1) expression in blast populations showed a significant increase in the proportion of CD274 (PD-L1) positive blast cells in isolated peripheral blood samples (66.3050 ± 1.94522). Also, the CD47 expression on blast cells in AML was recorded as significantly high (64.9333±2.05873). For MMP-2 (ng/ml) level in serum, the mean level non-significantly increased in AML as compared to the control group (102.677±8.719; 92.191±5.161) respectively.

The target of the current study was to review and analyze the research activities of previous studies on cooling techniques for thermal photovoltaic (PV) systems using phase-change materials. These materials have the ability to absorb and release certain amounts of potential heat energy by changing their state from phase to phase (solid–liquid) within a small temperature range. These materials have been used to regulate and lower the temperature, increase the efficiency, and extend the life of solar cells. A host of improvements have been made to phase-changing materials through the combined utilization of phase-change materials and fins in addition to nanoscale fluids to enhance electrical efficiency. When using PCMs, the thermal, electrical, and overall efficiency improved by 26.87%, 17.33%, and 40.59%, respectively. The addition of nanomaterials increased phase-change materials’ specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity, thus reducing the plate temperature and increasing the electrical efficiency. It was found that using of nanoparticles together with a microcapsule had better performance in terms of energy efficiency. Studies indicated that variable phase materials were not used because of their high cost and lack of stable operational design. Therefore, the effect of phase-change materials on PV/thermal (PVT) system performance needs further investigation and study.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic joint inflammatory disease that involves various pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines. This study explores the correlation among various biochemical and immunological parameters for the male patients with RA and performs a predictive equation that would correlate these parameters together. The study involved 44 male patients suffering from RA with the same number of healthy controls. Consent was achieved for all patients and controls, together with a general examination including complete blood count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), and RF. Moreover, lipid profile, kidney function tests, specific enzymes and the following parameters have been detected, which were hypothesised to negatively impact RA disease such as TGF-β1, vitamin E, VE-cadherin, interleukin 33 and TIMP-1. Various enzymatic-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), spectroscopic, serological, and haematological methods were used to quantify these parameters. Our results have revealed a significant positive correlation between ESR, RF, VE-cadherin and vitamin E, specifically type α-tocopherol that are associated with the non-biochemical parameters such as BMI, waist length, hip length, thorax and age. The important parameters revealed correlated with RA were used to generate two predictive equations to help the physicians confirm whether a patient is diagnosed with RA directly. In addition, the study revealed some parameters that would have a positive effect on RA patients, such as TGF-β1, vitamin E and VE-cadherin, which have shown a decrease in their values compared to the controls. In contrast, other parameters showed an increase in RA patients, and therefore they can be useful biomarkers for RA disease.

B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) is the highest incidence of lymphoproliferative malignant disease in most adults in the western world. Due to the importance of the pathogenicity and risk factors of this disease, this study was designed to analyze the expression the pattern of CD200 by flow cytometer immunophenotyping (FCI) and the association between this marker and some clinical features and oxidant-antioxidant status in B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients. This study was conducted on 60 newly diagnostic patients with B-CLL and 30 apparently healthy individuals as control group. The socio-demographic information including (age and sex) and clinical data were also collected in period 20 February 2021 to 25 December. The result of statistical analysis of the present study showed that out of the 60 patients, 39 were male and 21 females, with 30 controls (12 males and 18 females). The mean age of adults patients was (64.04 ± 5.6) years, and the adults control mean age of (63.33 ± 4.70) years therefore, there was a higher prevalence p value ≤0.05 of newly diagnosed CLL patients in males (65.0 %) in compared with females (35.0 %).

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