Is early morning flowering an effective trait to minimize heat stress damage during flowering in rice?

Bheemanahalli, Raju; Sathishraj, Rajendran; Manoharan, Muthukumar; Sumanth, H.N.; Raveendran, M.; Ishimaru, Tsutomo; Krishna, Jagadish S.V.

doi:10.1016/j.fcr.2016.11.011

Cited by 86 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Our study is the first to prove the hypothesized statement that temperatures ≥38°C occurring 1 hr after flowering had minimal impact on fertility (Jagadish et al, 2007;Satake & Yoshida, 1978;Yoshida et al, 1981). Furthermore, our results imply that shifting the flower opening to early-morning cooler conditions (Bheemanahalli et al, 2017;Ishimaru et al, 2010) is an effective strategy and should be considered as a potential trait to improve heat stress resilience in hybrids.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Pollen germination and in vivo fertilization in response to high‐temperature during flowering in hybrid and inbred rice

Shi

Schmidt

et al. 2018

Plant Cell & Environment

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High-temperature during flowering in rice causes spikelet sterility and is a major threat to rice productivity in tropical and subtropical regions, where hybrid rice development is increasingly contributing to sustain food security. However, the sensitivity of hybrids to increasing temperature and physiological responses in terms of dynamic fertilization processes is unknown. To address these questions, several promising hybrids and inbreds were exposed to control temperature and high day-time temperature (HDT) in Experiment 1, and hybrids having contrasting heat tolerance were selected for Experiment 2 for further physiological investigation under HDT and high-night-time-temperature treatments. The day-time temperature played a dominant role in determining spikelet fertility compared with the night-time temperature. HDT significantly induced spikelet sterility in tested hybrids, and hybrids had higher heat susceptibility than the high-yielding inbred varieties. Poor pollen germination was strongly associated with sterility under high-temperature. Our novel observations capturing the series of dynamic fertilization processes demonstrated that pollen tubes not reaching the viable embryo sac was the major cause for spikelet sterility under heat exposure. Our findings highlight the urgent need to improve heat tolerance in hybrids and incorporating early-morning flowering as a promising trait for mitigating HDT stress impact at flowering.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Pollen germination and in vivo fertilization in response to high‐temperature during flowering in hybrid and inbred rice

Shi

Schmidt

et al. 2018

Plant Cell & Environment

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“…To minimize heat stress‐induced increase in spikelet sterility in rice, Oryza officinalis , a wild rice, was used as a donor to introduce EMF trait into local popular rice varieties (Hirabayashi et al, ; Ishimaru et al, ), which are otherwise highly sensitive to heat stress at anthesis (Shi, Ishimaru, Gannaban, Oane, & Jagadish, ). The introduction of this trait reduced spikelet sterility by 71% compared with 289 other rice cultivars grown in hotter climate under field conditions (Bheemanahalli et al, ). This is the only report in crops wherein EMF is shown to effectively minimize heat stress‐induced increase in spikelet sterility.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Genotypes had different phenology, and, thus, the flower opening pattern was collected on different days when the tagged panicles started to flower. The time of day of flowering recorded across experiments were normalized taking dawn (greenhouse and field) and start of lights (growth chambers) as the reference (Bheemanahalli et al, ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Deterioration of ovary plays a key role in heat stress‐induced spikelet sterility in sorghum

Chiluwal

Bheemanahalli

Kanaganahalli

et al. 2019

Plant Cell & Environment

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In sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench), the impact of heat stress during flowering on seed set is known, but mechanisms that lead to tolerance are not known. A diverse set of sorghum genotypes was tested under controlled environment and field conditions to ascertain the impact of heat stress on time‐of‐day of flowering, pollen viability, and ovarian tissue. A highly conserved early morning flowering was observed, wherein >90% of spikelets completed flowering within 30 min after dawn, both in inbreds and hybrids. A strong quantitative impact of heat stress was recorded before pollination (reduced pollen viability) and post pollination (reduced pollen tube growth and linear decline in fertility). Although viable pollen tube did reach the micropylar region, 100% spikelet sterility was recorded under 40/22°C (day/night temperatures), even in the tolerant genotype Macia. Heat stress induced significant damage to the ovarian tissue near the micropylar region, leading to highly condensed cytoplasmic contents and disintegrated nucleolus and nucleus in the susceptible genotype RTx430. Whereas, relatively less damages to ovarian cell organelles were observed in the tolerant genotype Macia under heat stress. Integrating higher tolerance in female reproductive organ will help in effective utilization of the early morning flowering mechanism to enhance sorghum productivity under current and future hotter climate.

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“…Selection of rice varieties that flower early in the morning (EMF) is one criterion to avoid daytime HTS and reduce spikelet sterility (GRiSP, 2013). NIL lines of 'IR64' introgressed with EMF QTL showed 71% reduction in spikelet sterility during the dry season by achieving peak of anthesis around 8:30 am, ~2 h ahead of 'IR64' (Bheemanahalli et al, 2017). A potential donor for EMF trait is O. glaberrima (CG14) which flowers immediately after dawn, potentially escaping high temperatures during the late hours of the day (Wassmann et al, 2009).…”

Section: Mapping Of Genetic Loci (Qtl) and Genome-wide Association Stmentioning

confidence: 99%

When water runs dry and temperature heats up: Understanding the mechanisms in rice tolerance to drought and high temperature stress conditions

Rabara¹,

Msanne²,

Ferrer³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Rice production, owing to its high-water requirement for cultivation, is very vulnerable to the threat of changing climate, particularly prolonged drought and high temperature. Such threats heighten the need for abiotic stress-resilient rice varieties with better yield potential. This review examines the physiological and molecular mechanisms of rice varieties to cope with stress conditions of drought (DS), high temperature (HTS) and their combination (DS-HTS). It appraises research studies in rice about its various phenotypic traits, genetic loci and response mechanisms to stress conditions to help craft new breeding strategies for rice varieties with improved resilience to abiotic stresses. This review consolidates available information on promising rice cultivars with desirable traits as well as advocates synergistic and complementary approaches in molecular and systems biology to develop new rice breeds that favorably respond to climate-induced abiotic stresses. The development of new breeding and cultivation strategies for climate-resilient rice varieties is a challenging task. It requires a comprehensive understanding of the various morphological, biochemical, physiological, and molecular components governing yield under drought and high temperature, but possible by implementing cohesive approaches involving molecular and systems biology approaches in genomics and molecular breeding, including genetic engineering.

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Is early morning flowering an effective trait to minimize heat stress damage during flowering in rice?

Cited by 86 publications

References 20 publications

Pollen germination and in vivo fertilization in response to high‐temperature during flowering in hybrid and inbred rice

Pollen germination and in vivo fertilization in response to high‐temperature during flowering in hybrid and inbred rice

Deterioration of ovary plays a key role in heat stress‐induced spikelet sterility in sorghum

<strong>When water runs dry and temperature heats up: </strong><strong>Understanding the mechanisms in rice tolerance to drought and </strong><strong>high temperature stress conditions</strong>

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