Is gadolinium really ferromagnetic?

Coey, J. M. D.; Skumryev, V.; Gallagher, K.

doi:10.1038/43363

Cited by 65 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…2). This is reminiscent of behavior seen in pure Gd at [7]. Features of the -axis susceptibility, including the region from to 243 K, and the shallow depression below 243 K, are consistent with previous studies of Gd [10].…”

Section: A Susceptibilitysupporting

confidence: 82%

“…However, a recent study of polycrystalline samples with suggested that the spin-reorientation transition is first order [5], and that there is evidence for a previously unrecognized phase change in the region 135-85 K for -respectively. This work seeks to confirm and extend these results, which are particularly relevant in the context of recent reports concerning the nature of the magnetic behavior of Gd at and below 293 K [6], [7]. A detailed study of this area of the phase diagram is being carried out using single crystal samples, starting with an Y concentration of 7.5 at.%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 55%

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Complex magnetic phase behavior in Gd-rich Gd-Y single crystal alloys

et al. 2001

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The magnetic properties of single crystal gadolinium-rich Gd 100 Y alloys are investigated using ac susceptibility, magnetization, and ultrasonic techniques, to determine the magnetic phase behavior in the region ForGd 92 5 Y 7 5 , observations are consistent with a canting of the magnetic moment away from the -axis toward the basal plane at 243 K, and a return toward the -axis at lower temperatures. The precedence of a phase change at 116 K is confirmed.Index Terms-Ferromagnetic materials, gadolinium alloys, magnetic susceptibility, rare earth alloys.

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Section: A Susceptibilitysupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Complex magnetic phase behavior in Gd-rich Gd-Y single crystal alloys

et al. 2001

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“…22 While our data are consistent with the main body of formerly published work on Gd and GdY, our c-and a-axis results are not entirely consistent with the experimental observations of Coey et al 22 It was not possible to confirm the precise reasons for these differences In summary, the results presented here for Gd do not, on balance, appear to contradict the evidence in the existing literature. The suggestion that Gd typically exhibits concavedownward growth in the approach to T C2 ͑Ref.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 59%

Ferro I phase and gadolinium

Collingwood¹,

Palmer²,

Lees³

et al. 2009

Phys. Rev. B

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Certain Gd alloys, such as Gd-Y, are known to exhibit an apparent "double ferromagnetism" in which the c axis component orders on cooling from the paramagnetic phase ͑T C1 ͒, while the basal-plane component remains effectively paramagnetic. Subsequently the basal-plane component orders at a lower temperature ͑T C2 ͒. Our measurements of low-field ac susceptibility and magnetization for high-quality Gd and Gd-Y single crystals suggest that either the behavior originally used to identify ferro I, namely, the concave-upward growth of the a axis moment in the approach on cooling to T SR , is not necessarily an indicator of the phase, or that ferro I is also present in pure Gd. Of the several models that exist to describe ferro I, the results from this study favor the random-cone model.

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“…24 and 25͒; however, a shoulder was visible in measurements by Kaul and Srinath 10 on a cylindrical singlecrystal Gd sample for which the cylinder axis ͑along which the magnetic field was applied͒ was out of alignment with the crystalline c axis by a few degrees. 26 If the field is perfectly aligned with the c axis, ext Ј ͑T͒ steeply rises to the demagnetization limit at the transition, with no deviation. 10 The enhanced strength of the ͑002͒ reflection in the XRD pattern of Fig.…”

Section: Ferromagnetic Regime and Low-temperature Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic behavior of melt-spun gadolinium

et al. 2008

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Melt-spun Gd is a structurally inhomogeneous system consisting of crystalline grains with an average size of 24Ϯ 3 nm that are separated by an amorphous interphase. This system exhibits a depression of T C ͑289.70Ϯ 0.01 K͒ relative to bulk Gd ͑293 K͒. The effective critical exponents ͑␤ eff = 0.389Ϯ 0.017, ␥ eff = 1.300Ϯ 0.014, and ␦ = 4.32Ϯ 0.02͒ and critical amplitudes indicate that for the reduced-temperature range in this work, the paramagnetic-to-ferromagnetic transition is consistent with the isotropic dipolar universality class shown by bulk Gd. There is, however, evidence of enhanced anisotropy in the critical behavior of ms-Gd. Increasing random anisotropy in the intergrain regions with decreasing temperature below T C diminishes the coupling between the ferromagnetically ordered grains and produces a previously unobserved low-temperature peak in the imaginary part of the ac susceptibility. The random-anisotropy model provides a good description of the approach to saturation, which may result from the ferromagnetic correlation length becoming comparable to the anisotropy correlation length in the strong-field regime of the model.

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Is gadolinium really ferromagnetic?

Cited by 65 publications

References 6 publications

Complex magnetic phase behavior in Gd-rich Gd-Y single crystal alloys

Complex magnetic phase behavior in Gd-rich Gd-Y single crystal alloys

Ferro I phase and gadolinium

Magnetic behavior of melt-spun gadolinium

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