Is gentrification all bad? Positive association between gentrification and individual’s perceived neighborhood collective efficacy in Montreal, Canada

Steinmetz-Wood, Madeleine; Wasfi, Rania; Parker, Gavin; Bornstein, Lisa; Caron, Jean; Kestens, Yan

doi:10.1186/s12942-017-0096-6

Cited by 48 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…An important limitation of previous research was that few of these studies examined the importance of gentrification for health. While there is much concern surrounding gentrification’s role in the deepening social and economic gulf found in cities, existing research has been divided as for how gentrification relates to health in cities [ 4 , 5 , 7 , 8 ]. Findings of the current study indicate residents of neighborhoods experiencing gentrification reported overall better physical health outcomes than those living in neighborhoods that had not experienced gentrification, regardless of its stage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These findings stand out for their robustness. All of the previous research on gentrification and health was limited to case studies of specific cities, namely Montreal [ 8 ], New York City [ 5 ], Philadelphia [ 4 ], and metropolitan areas in California [ 6 ]. While each of these studies analyzed variation in health outcomes with large samples of neighborhoods, all were potentially limited in their generalizability because they focused on at most a few large cities or regions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further, they conjecture gentrification can have broader implications for cities because displacement associated with gentrification, whether voluntarily or involuntarily, can lead to poorer health outcomes for neighborhoods that receive households leaving gentrifying neighborhoods. While these implications are often discussed, only a few studies directly assessed the relation of gentrification with health outcomes [ 4 – 8 ]. These studies offer at best mixed evidence of a relationship between gentrification with neighborhood health outcomes, with little sense of its overall implications for cities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluating gentrification’s relation to neighborhood and city health

2018

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Gentrification has been argued to contribute to urban inequalities, including those of health disparities. Extant research has yet to conduct a systematic study of gentrification’s relation with neighborhood health outcomes nationally. This gap is addressed in the current study through the utilization of census-tract data from the Center for Disease Control’s 500 Cities project, the 2000 Census and the 2010–2014 American Community Survey to examine how gentrification relates to local self-rated physical health in select cities across the United States. We examine gentrification’s association with neighborhood rates of poor self-rated physical health. We contextualize this relationship by evaluating gentrification’s relation with city-level self-rated health inequalities. We find gentrification was significantly and positively related with self-rated physical neighborhood health outcomes. However, the presence and magnitude of gentrification within a city was not associated with health outcomes for cities overall. Based on these findings, we argue that gentrification’s health benefits for cities are limited at best, though gentrification does not appear to be associated with deepening city-level health inequalities, either.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluating gentrification’s relation to neighborhood and city health

2018

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“…We defined gentrifying and non-gentrifying neighborhoods in NYC, based in part on variables used in other studies [ 9 , 10 ]. We obtained single-year estimates of median household income, median rental price, and proportion of adults aged ≥25 years with a college degree for each NYC neighborhood from 2005–2014 ACS data.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of residential displacement on healthcare access and mental health among original residents of gentrifying neighborhoods in New York City

et al. 2017

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ObjectivesAs gentrification continues in New York City as well as other urban areas, residents of lower socioeconomic status maybe at higher risk for residential displacement. Yet, there have been few quantitative assessments of the health impacts of displacement. The objective of this paper is to assess the association between displacement and healthcare access and mental health among the original residents of gentrifying neighborhoods in New York City.MethodsWe used 2 data sources: 1) 2005–2014 American Community Surveys to identify gentrifying neighborhoods in New York City, and 2) 2006–2014 Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System. Our cohort included 12,882 residents of gentrifying neighborhoods in 2006 who had records of emergency department visits or hospitalization at least once every 2 years in 2006–2014. Rates of emergency department visits and hospitalizations post-baseline were compared between residents who were displaced and those who remained.ResultsDuring 2006–2014, 23% were displaced. Compared with those who remained, displaced residents were more likely to make emergency department visits and experience hospitalizations, mainly due to mental health (Rate Ratio = 1.8, 95% confidence interval = 1.5, 2.2), after controlling for baseline demographics, health status, healthcare utilization, residential movement, and the neighborhood of residence in 2006.ConclusionsThese findings suggest negative impacts of displacement on healthcare access and mental health, particularly among adults living in urban areas and with a history of frequent emergency department visits or hospitalizations.

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“…Most studies were conducted in the United States . A handful of studies were conducted in Spain, Australia, and Canada [5,28,[41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49]. Of the 36 papers included in this literature review, 6 were qualitative, 24 were quantitative, and 3 were review papers.…”

Section: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defining gentrification for epidemiologic research: A systematic review

2020

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Neighborhoods have a profound impact on individual health. There is growing interest in the role of dynamic changes to neighborhoods-including gentrification-on the health of residents. However, research on the association between gentrification and health is limited, partly due to the numerous definitions used to define gentrification. This article presents a systematic review of the current state of literature describing the association between gentrification and health. In addition, it provides a novel framework for addressing important next steps in this research. A total of 1393 unique articles were identified, 122 abstracts were reviewed, and 36 articles published from 2007-2020 were included. Of the 36 articles, 9 were qualitative, 24 were quantitative, and 3 were review papers. There was no universally accepted definition of gentrification; definitions often used socioeconomic variables describing demographics, housing, education, and income. Health outcomes associated with gentrification included self-reported health, preterm birth, mental health conditions, alcohol use, psychosocial factors, and health care utilization, though the direction of this association varied. The results of this review also suggest that the impact of gentrification on health is not uniform across populations. For example, marginalized populations, such as Black residents and the elderly, were impacted more than White and younger residents. In addition, we identified multiples gaps in the research, including the need for a conceptual model, future mechanistic studies, and interventions.

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Is gentrification all bad? Positive association between gentrification and individual’s perceived neighborhood collective efficacy in Montreal, Canada

Cited by 48 publications

References 42 publications

Evaluating gentrification’s relation to neighborhood and city health

Evaluating gentrification’s relation to neighborhood and city health

Impact of residential displacement on healthcare access and mental health among original residents of gentrifying neighborhoods in New York City

Defining gentrification for epidemiologic research: A systematic review

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