Is gynecomastia related to the disease characteristics and prognosis in testicular germ cell tumor patients?

Polat, Ahmet Veysel; Öztürk, Mesut; Çamlıdağ, İlkay; Akyuz, Behic

doi:10.5152/dir.2019.18297

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 24 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…5 It should be noted that this phenomenon is not specific to seminomas and may arise in nonseminomatous GCTs that secrete βhCG. 16 As most GCTs, including seminomas, demonstrate lymphatic spread, common sites of metastasis include the retroperitoneal to supraclavicular lymph nodes and lungs. 9 For this reason, symptoms of back or flank pain, shortness of breath, hemoptysis, or neck mass are suggestive of nodal and/or pulmonary metastases.…”

Section: Questions/discussion Points Partmentioning

confidence: 99%

Educational Case: Classic seminoma of the testis

Stamer

Clark

2022

Academic Pathology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Questions/discussion Points Partmentioning

confidence: 99%

Educational Case: Classic seminoma of the testis

Stamer

Clark

2022

Academic Pathology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…The pathophysiology of gynecomastia involves an imbalance in estrogen action relative to androgen action at the level of the breast tissue (Braunstein, 2007;Cuhaci et al, 2014;Johnson & Murad, 2009;Nuttall, 2010). Gynecomastia is usually idiopathic (physiologic) but can be secondary to the effects of certain medications and systemic diseases (Braunstein, 2007;Cuhaci et al, 2014;Deepinder & Braunstein, 2012;He et al, 2019;Johnson & Murad, 2009;Mieritz et al, 2017;Nuttall, 2010;Nuttall et al, 2015;Polat et al, 2019;Sansone et al, 2017). Patients with suspected gynecomastia are usually diagnosed by physical examination (Braunstein, 2007;Cuhaci et al, 2014;Johnson & Murad, 2009;Nuttall, 2010) or, if necessary, may be referred for confirmatory imaging with MG or US (Appelbaum et al, 1999;Chen & Slanetz, 2014;Iuanow et al, 2011;Madhukar & Chetlen, 2013;Tangerud et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidental Gynecomastia on Thoracic Computed Tomography in Clinical Practice: Characteristics, Radiologic Features, and Correlation With Possible Causes in South Korean Men

Kim

Lee

et al. 2020

Am J Mens Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Gynecomastia is a common incidental finding on thoracic computed tomography (CT). This study aimed to retrospectively determine the prevalence, imaging characteristics, and possible causes of incidental gynecomastia on thoracic CT. Records of male patients who underwent thoracic CT in 2015 were reviewed. The size and morphologic types (nodular, dendritic, and diffuse) were recorded for patients with breast glandular tissue larger than 1 cm, and the cutoff value of gynecomastia was defined as 2 cm. Additionally, the possible causes of gynecomastia obtained by reviewing patients’ charts were recorded. CT-depicted gynecomastia was identified in 12.7% (650 of 5,501) of patients. The median size of the breast glandular tissue was 2.5 cm (interquartile range 2.2–3.1), and 36.8% of patients (239 of 650) had unilateral gynecomastia. The age distribution provided a bimodal pattern with two peaks in the age groups from 20 to 29 years old and greater than 70 years old. Chronic liver disease (CLD; p < .001), all stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD; p < .001), and medications ( p = .002) were significantly associated with gynecomastia. Gynecomastia did not correlate with body mass index ( p = .962). The size of breast glandular tissue was identified to be correlated with the morphologic type of breast tissue and the severity of CLD or CKD. The prevalence of incidental gynecomastia seen on thoracic CT was 12.7%. CT-depicted gynecomastia is not associated with obesity but with CLD, CKD, and medications. When gynecomastia is detected on CT, further evaluations and management might be required for patients with a treatable cause.

show abstract