Is idiopathic hirsutism idiopathic?

Kroon, Romy W.P.M. de; Heijer, Martin den; Heijboer, Annemieke C.

doi:10.1016/j.cca.2022.03.011

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The term idiopathic hirsutism should be applied only to hirsute women with normal ovulatory function and detectable normal androgen levels (testosterone, androstenedione, and DHEAS). In these cases, the cause of hair growth may be associated with abnormalities in peripheral androgen activity or increased sensitivity of the hair follicle [ 110 ].…”

Section: Diagnosing Pcos: Clinical Versus Biochemical Androgen Excessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hirsutism, Normal Androgens and Diagnosis of PCOS

et al. 2022

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Hirsutism is defined as the presence of terminal hair with male pattern distribution in women. While in the general population, hirsutism affects around 4–11% of women, it is the main manifestation of hyperandrogenism in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), with a prevalence estimated at 65–75%. Hirsutism in PCOS is associated with both androgen excess and individual response of the pilosebaceous unit to androgens. The modified Ferriman–Gallwey (mFG) scoring system has been widely used in clinical practice to visually score excessive terminal hair, thus standardizing hirsutism evaluation and facilitating data comparison. Although a universal mFG score cutoff would be useful for comparisons, ethnic variations, as well as skin type and other factors, should be considered when evaluating hirsutism in distinct populations. In turn, androgen levels, measured by conventional techniques, have been shown to correlate poorly with the severity of hirsutism. Indeed, while most women with PCOS and hirsutism also have higher than reference values for serum androgen levels, some of them may not present with biochemical hyperandrogenism, representing a challenge to the diagnosis of PCOS. In this article, we critically review this not uncommon condition in women with PCOS presenting with hirsutism but normal androgen levels.

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Section: Diagnosing Pcos: Clinical Versus Biochemical Androgen Excessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hirsutism, Normal Androgens and Diagnosis of PCOS

et al. 2022

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“…The study population consisted of 240 participants who were divided into two groups case and control. The outcomes of the study showed that the case group showed a higher odds ratio for familial type 2 diabetes mellitus in comparison to the control group 3.86 and 1.90 respectively [17]. Another study conducted by Wang et al 2021 also showed in their trial that type 2 diabetes mellitus in first-order relatives is a direct indicator of the risk of establishment of PCOS [18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Family History of Diabetes: An Important Risk Factor for Developing PCOS

Fayyaz¹,

Butt²,

Khan³

et al. 2022

PJMHS

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Background and Aim: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a new rising disorder of reproductive, metabolic, and endocrine disorders of young females of reproductive age suffering from insulin resistance, increased levels of androgens, and altered morphology of ovaries with multiple cysts, and oligoanovulation. The burden of disease is significantly high with a global prevalence of 5% - 10% of reproducing females. Literature has reported a positive correlation between diabetes mellitus in the family and the resultant risk of developing PCOS among the female population. This study will aim to assess the correlation between the familial history of diabetes mellitus and concurrent risk of developing PCOS in a tertiary care hospital in Lahore, Pakistan. Methodology: A cross sectional study was conducted in the Medicine and Gynecology department of Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore for duration of four months from October 2021 to January 2022. Participants were recruited following inclusion and exclusion criteria. Sample population was estimated to be 150 females. Participants were recruited by convenient sampling. After recruitment participants underwent physical, clinical, and serological assessment. Diagnosis of PCOS was made by following Rotterdam criteria. Data collection was done by 14 points questionnaire and history interview. Results: This study showed that all participants diagnosed with PCOS have a history of early menarche, increased level of heartbeats, a large volume of ovaries, and a lesser volume of uterus. Patients also showed increased peripheral follicles. Serologic outcomes of participants showed a generalized increase in TT levels and a generalized decrease in SHBG levels with 1.71 (1.04-2.23) nmol/L and 45.39 ± 24.44 nmol/L respectively. About 56.2% (n= 83) of the participants gave a history of the abnormal menstrual cycle and 70.3% (n= 104) of the population agreed to abnormal hair growth on the body. When assessing the history of diabetes mellitus prevalence among families of the participants, the results showed that 19% of the population (n= 28) gave a positive history of diagnosed diabetes mellitus of both mother and father, 21.1% of the participants (n= 31) suggested that their parents were never tested for diabetes mellitus before, whereas remaining 43.8% (n= 89) gave no familial history of diabetes mellitus. Conclusion: The study concludes that the most common characteristics of PCOS among the population of Pakistan is increased weight followed by abnormal hair growth, participants present with increased TT and decreased SHBG levels. Familial history of diabetes mellitus is considered a risk factor for developing PCOS. Keywords: Familial diabetes, Diabetes mellitus, Polycystic ovary syndrome, Risk factors of PCOS

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“…Hirsutism affects 5–10% of reproductive-age women worldwide [ 2 ]. The etiology of this condition could be polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), idiopathic, thyroid or adrenal hormone abnormalities, some medications, or rare tumors [ 2 , 4 , 5 ], but PCOS is the most common condition [ 6 ]. Various approaches have been used for the inhibition and/or treatment of unwanted excessive hair growth, depending on the causes and the severity of the hirsutism.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eflornithine Hydrochloride-Loaded Electrospun Nanofibers as a Potential Face Mask for Hirsutism Application

Almuwallad,

Alzahrani,

Aburayan

et al. 2023

Pharmaceutics

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Hirsutism is a distressing condition that can affect women’s self-esteem due to the excessive amount of hair growth in different body parts, including the face. A temporary managing option is to develop a self-care routine to remove unwanted hair through shaving or waxing. Laser or electrolysis are alternative methods, but in some cases, the use of medications, such as the topical cream Vaniqa®, can help in reducing the growth of unwanted hair. Electrospun fibers have been used in several drug delivery applications, including skin care products, owing to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, high surface area-to-volume ratio, and dry nature that can release the encapsulated drugs with maximum skin penetration. Therefore, polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) fibers were fabricated in combination with hyaluronic acid to deliver the active compound of Vaniqa®, i.e., Eflornithine hydrochloride (EFH), as a face mask to inhibit excess facial hair growth. The prepared drug-loaded fibers showed a diameter of 490 ± 140 nm, with an encapsulation efficiency of 88 ± 7% and a drug loading capacity of 92 ± 7 μg/mg. The in vitro drug release of EFH-loaded fibers exhibited an initial burst release of 80% in the first 5 min, followed by a complete release after 360 min, owing to the rapid disintegration of the fibrous mat (2 s). The in vitro cytotoxicity indicated a high safety profile of EFH at all tested concentrations (500–15.625 μg/mL) after 24-h exposure to human dermal fibroblast (HFF-1) cells. Therefore, this drug-loaded nanofibrous system can be considered a potentially medicated face mask for the management of hirsutism, along with the moisturizing effect that it possesses. Topical applications of the developed system showed reduced hair growth in mice to a certain extent.

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Is idiopathic hirsutism idiopathic?

Cited by 13 publications

References 46 publications

Hirsutism, Normal Androgens and Diagnosis of PCOS

Hirsutism, Normal Androgens and Diagnosis of PCOS

Family History of Diabetes: An Important Risk Factor for Developing PCOS

Eflornithine Hydrochloride-Loaded Electrospun Nanofibers as a Potential Face Mask for Hirsutism Application

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