Is Penguin banding harmless?

Froget, Guillaume; Gautier-Clerc, Michel; Maho, Yvon Le; Handrich, Yves

doi:10.1007/s003000050322

Cited by 43 publications

(41 citation statements)

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“…For 1988-1991, a bias may still exist due to the change of instrument size in 1991, but our findings indicate that such a bias is unlikely. Although we do not discount the likelihood that increased drag caused by the instruments or bands had energetic and/or behavioral consequences (Wilson et al 1986;Culik et al 1993Culik et al , 1994Froget et al 1998), we believe such effects could not have produced the patterns exhibited in this study, particularly as the seasonal effects consistently interacted with brood size and were statistically independent of the instrument size and deployment protocols.…”

Section: Methodscontrasting

confidence: 56%

Seasonal shifts in the provisioning behavior of chinstrap penguins, Pygoscelis antarctica

2002

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Whether parents are able to adapt food gathering to rising offspring demands, or if they are controlled largely by extrinsic factors, is important for understanding key limits on fitness. Over seven breeding seasons, we studied the provisioning behavior of chinstrap penguins, Pygoscelis antarctica, at Seal Island, Antarctica, during parents' transition to leave broods of one or two chicks unguarded. By measuring the frequency, duration, and diel timing of foraging trips and the quantity of prey brought to chicks, we examined the extent to which variation in parents' feeding behavior could be attributed to provisioning costs which increase with chick growth. Estimates of the energy content of food loads were combined with foraging patterns and brood requirements to model parents' seasonal provisioning budget. The frequency of foraging trips increased from the guard to post-guard phase and was higher, and the seasonal effect larger, in parents with two chicks. The duration of overnight trips (~16 h) increased with seasonally increasing night length; diurnal trip duration (~8 h) showed no seasonal pattern. Birds exhibited a seasonal shift to diurnal foraging, a trend that was generally weaker in parents of smaller broods. Food loads increased with chick mass only in parents of one chick; parents of two chicks had larger but more constant food loads. Based on per trip calculations, parents foraging overnight could not have delivered to two-chick broods enough food to meet their demands unless chicks were small. Diurnal foragers (regardless of brood size) and overnight foragers with one chick could meet brood demands at chicks' peak mass. The combined daily effort of parents indicated that mated pairs on average had ample resources to meet chick demands through most of rearing. A brief period when demands could not be met was predicted in two-chick broods just before chicks were left unguarded and again as they neared fledging. Our findings suggest that penguins both increased provisioning frequency and favored foraging under higher light intensity in conjunction with increasing chick demands, tactics which required parents to leave chicks unattended. The ability to maintain intrinsic control over provisioning has bearing on how penguins may be limited by extrinsic constraints. Prey surveys conducted annually near colonies show abundant resources 10-20 km offshore with no consistent seasonal shifts in abundance. These findings support a prominent role for intrinsic factors in the foraging decisions of chinstrap penguins.

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Section: Methodscontrasting

confidence: 56%

Seasonal shifts in the provisioning behavior of chinstrap penguins, Pygoscelis antarctica

2002

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“…The bands were removed at the end of the season or during the implantation (i.e. studied birds were not banded; see Froget et al, 1998).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heart rate and energetics of free-ranging king penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus)

Froget

Butler

Woakes

et al. 2004

Journal of Experimental Biology

106

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SUMMARY The main objective of this study was to determine heart rate(fh) and the energetic costs of specific behaviours of king penguins while ashore and while foraging at sea during their breeding period. In particular, an estimate was made of the energetic cost of diving in order to determine the proportion of dives that may exceed the calculated aerobic dive limit (cADL; estimated usable O2 stores/estimated rate of oxygen consumption during diving). An implanted data logger enabled fh and diving behaviour to be monitored from 10 free-ranging king penguins during their breeding period. Using previously determined calibration equations, it was possible to estimate rate of oxygen consumption(V̇O2) when the birds were ashore and during various phases of their foraging trips. Diving behaviour showed a clear diurnal pattern, with a mixture of deep (>40 m),long (>3 min) and shallow (<40 m), short (<3 min) dives from dawn to dusk and shallow, short dives at night. Heart rate during dive bouts and dive cycles (dive + post-dive interval) was 42% greater than that when the birds were ashore. During diving, fh was similar to the `ashore'value (87±4 beats min–1), but it did decline to 76% of the value recorded from king penguins resting in water. During the first hour after a diving bout, fh was significantly higher than the average value during diving (101±4 beats min–1) and for the remainder of the dive bout. Rates of oxygen consumption estimated from these (and other) values of fh indicate that when at sea, metabolic rate (MR) was 83%greater than that when the birds were ashore [3.15 W kg–1(–0.71, +0.93), where the values in parentheses are the computed standard errors of the estimate], while during diving bouts and dive cycles,it was 73% greater than the `ashore' value. Although estimated MR during the total period between dive bouts was not significantly different from that during dive bouts [5.44 W kg–1 (–0.30, +0.32)], MR during the first hour following a dive bout was 52% greater than that during a diving bout. It is suggested that this large increase following diving(foraging) activity is, at least in part, the result of rewarming the body,which occurs at the end of a diving bout. From the measured behaviour and estimated values of V̇O2, it was evident that approximately 35% of the dives were in excess of the cADL. Even if V̇O2 during diving was assumed to be the same as when the birds were resting on water,approximately 20% of dives would exceed the cADL. As V̇O2 during diving is, in fact, that estimated for a complete dive cycle, it is quite feasible that V̇O2 during diving itself is less than that measured for birds resting in water. It is suggested that the regional hypothermia that has been recorded in this species during diving bouts may be at least a contributing factor to such hypometabolism.

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“…Deleterious effects of flipper bands are well known and include increased energy expenditure, reduced reproductive success, and reduced survival rates (Culik et al 1993;Froget et al 1998;Gauthier-Clerc et al 2004;Dugger et al 2006). Others report little to no effect of properly designed and attached bands (Hindell et al 1996;Boersma and Rebstock 2009).…”

Section: Band Retention and Potential Negative Bias On Survival Estimmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adélie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) survival rates and their relationship to environmental indices in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica

Hinke

Trivelpiece

2014

Polar Biol

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Seabird life history is typified by low fecundity, high adult survival rates, and relatively long lives. Such traits act as buffers, enabling persistence of populations under variable environmental conditions. Numerous studies, however, have suggested strong sensitivity of seabirds to environmental variability. In the Antarctic Peninsula region, for example, Adélie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) populations have declined during the last three decades, attributed largely to rapid changes in environmental conditions and food availability. We use 30 years of markrecapture data from known-age individuals in the South Shetland Islands and capture-mark-recapture models to estimate survival rates with respect to such environmental variation. We investigated specifically whether negative trends in survival rates were evident and whether indices of global, regional, and local environmental conditions considered important for Adélie penguin survival explained the variability in survival rates. Overall, negative trends in juvenile survival were evident, but adult survival rates exhibited high interannual variability. Indices of sea ice extent had the strongest correlations with survival rates, particularly Weddell Sea ice extent during spring among adults (r = 0.62) and during winter for juveniles (r = 0.46). An analysis of deviance, however, suggested that single environmental covariates explained \30 % of the observed variation in the full mark-recapture models. Despite positive effects of sea ice extent on survival rates of Adélie penguins, limited explanatory power of several environmental conditions previously identified as important for Adélie penguin survival underscores the difficulty of predicting future population responses in this region of rapid environmental change.

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Is Penguin banding harmless?

Cited by 43 publications

References 0 publications

Seasonal shifts in the provisioning behavior of chinstrap penguins, Pygoscelis antarctica

Seasonal shifts in the provisioning behavior of chinstrap penguins, Pygoscelis antarctica

Heart rate and energetics of free-ranging king penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus)

Adélie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) survival rates and their relationship to environmental indices in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica

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