Is Porphyria cutanea tarda a Risk Factor in the Development of Hepatocellular Carcinoma?

Packe, Geoffrey E.; Clarke, Clifford W. F.

doi:10.1159/000225998

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Liver Patients with PCT are reported to be at risk for developing hepatocellular carcinoma (13,(40)(41)(42); conversely, some benign or malignant liver tumors can overproduce uroporphyrin and induce PCT (43)(44)(45).…”

Section: Porphyria Cutanea Tardamentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Chemical Exposures and Disturbances of Heme Synthesis

Daniell¹,

Stockbridge²,

Labbé³

et al. 1997

Environmental Health Perspectives

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Section: Porphyria Cutanea Tardamentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Chemical Exposures and Disturbances of Heme Synthesis

Daniell¹,

Stockbridge²,

Labbé³

et al. 1997

Environmental Health Perspectives

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“…Selected References Andant et al 1997;Bengtsson and Hardell 1986;Berman and Braun 1962;Bjersing et al 1996;Cassiman et al 2008;Deybach and Puy 2011;Lim and Mascaro 1995;Lithner and Wetterberg 1984;Salata et al 1985;Schneider-Yin et al 2010;and Stewart 2012. In patients with porphyria cutanea tarda, the pathogenesis of liver tumors is particularly complex, as this form of porphyria is associated with HCV and HBV infection, hemochromatosis/iron overload, and specifically alcoholic liver disease, known causes of HCC (Ryan Caballes et al 2012). Relatively few patients develop HCC in porphyria cutanea tarda, with a yearly incidence of less than 1 % per patient year of follow-up (Kordac 1972;Packe and Clarke 1985;Gisbert et al 2004;Whittle et al 2010), and risk factors for HCC were the presence of liver cirrhosis, male sex, and age over 51 (Salata et al 1985). Porphyria cutanea tarda can occur in combination with hereditary hemochromatosis, the condition being complicated with HCC (Mogl et al 2007).…”

Section: Porphyriasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Etiology and Pathogenesis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Hepatocellular Carcinoma Associated with Inborn Errors of Metabolism and Hepatobiliary Malformations

Zimmermann¹

2016

Tumors and Tumor-Like Lesions of the Hepatobiliary Tract

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Chronic iron overload causes a broad array of cell and tissue injuries and is an important cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Among inborn errors of metabolism, hereditary hemochromatosis with its massive iron overload is the most important risk factor for HCC. In addition to hemochromatosis and few other, rare congenital disorders if iron metabolism, there are several acquired conditions with chronic iron overload of the liver, including transfusional iron overload, metabolic syndrome, dietary iron overload in sub-Saharan Africa, and other forms of nutritional iron overload. Hereditary hemochromatosis exists in several types caused by mutations of the genes for HFE, hemojuvelin, hepcidin, transferrin receptor 2, and ferroportin. Patients with cirrhotic hemochromatosis have approximately a 20-200 times higher risk of developing HCC than a non-cirrhotic control group. In this disorder, the annual incidence of HCC is 4 % once cirrhosis has established, illustrating the important role of cirrhosis as an HCC risk factor. Typically, HCC that develops in hemochromatosis does not store stainable iron, resulting in iron-free nodules or masses in an iron-overloaded cirrhotic background.

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“…Porphyry in patients with PLC as a paraneoplastic phenomenon is a well-documented but rare condition [19, 35, 36]. The reported cases had all photosensitive skin lesions, but in several instances the pattern of porphyrin excretion was not consistent with true PCT.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The most common type of PCT is an acquired form, which is triggered by toxic (e.g., alcohol) and infectious (e.g., hepatitis C virus) factors or haemosiderosis [28, 31, 32], and liver cirrhosis and hepatic iron overload are common associated findings [19]. Although each of these factors is known to increase the risk of HCC as well [5, 6, 33, 34], it has been suggested that PCT per se increases this risk further [18, 22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased Porphyrins in Primary Liver Cancer Mainly Reflect a Parallel Liver Disease

Kaczynski

Hansson

Wallerstedt

2009

Gastroenterology Research and Practice

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Hepatic porphyries have been associated with an increased risk of primary liver cancer (PLC), which on the other hand may cause an increased porphyrin production. To evaluate the role of an underlying liver disorder we analyzed porphyrins in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (n = 65), cholangiocellular carcinoma (n = 3), or suspected PLC, which turned out to be metastases (n = 18) or a benign disorder (n = 11). None of the patients had a family history of porphyry or clinical signs of porphyry. Increased aminolevulinic acid or porphyrin values were common not only in patients with PLC (43%) but also in metastatic (50%) and benign (64%) liver disorders. The corresponding proportion for HCC patients with liver cirrhosis (55%) was higher (P < .05) than in those without cirrhosis (17%). We conclude that symptomatic porphyries are unusual in PLC, whereas elevated urinary and/or faecal porphyrins are common, primarily reflecting a parallel liver disease and not the PLC.

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Is Porphyria cutanea tarda a Risk Factor in the Development of Hepatocellular Carcinoma?

Cited by 9 publications

References 12 publications

Environmental Chemical Exposures and Disturbances of Heme Synthesis

Environmental Chemical Exposures and Disturbances of Heme Synthesis

Etiology and Pathogenesis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Hepatocellular Carcinoma Associated with Inborn Errors of Metabolism and Hepatobiliary Malformations

Increased Porphyrins in Primary Liver Cancer Mainly Reflect a Parallel Liver Disease

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