Is Psychological Stress a Possible Risk Factor for Periodontal Disease? A Systematic Review

Halawany, Hassan Suliman

doi:10.4172/psychiatry.1000217

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Exposure to chronic stress will lead to biological mechanisms that will result in a decrease in the patient's immune response and chronic inflammation [44]. These mechanisms are based on complex interactions between immunology, psychology, neurology, and endocrinology [44] (Fig.…”

Section: Biological Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of chronic stress on periodontal health

Gunepin¹,

Derache

Trousselard³

et al. 2018

J Oral Med Oral Surg

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--Introduction: Periodontal diseases are caused by pathogenic microorganisms that induce increases in of local and systemic proinflammatory cytokines, resulting in periodontal damage. The onset and evolution of periodontal diseases are influenced by many local and systemic risk factors. Educational objective: In this article, we aim to review the results of the research on the impact of chronic stress on the occurrence, development, and response to periodontal disease treatments and on the pathophysiological mechanisms of periodontal disease. Conclusion: Chronic stress has a negative impact on the occurrence, development, and response to the treatment of periodontal disease via indirect actions on the periodontium. This can result from behavioral changes caused by stress (poor dental hygiene, smoking, etc.) and a direct neuroimmunoendocrinological action related to the consequences (particularly immunological) of the secretion of certain chemicals (e.g., cortisol) induced by the activation of the hypothalamus and the autonomic nervous system in response to stress. These factors necessitate multidisciplinary management (e.g., physician, oral surgeon, and psychologist) of patients to identify subjects with chronic stress and to employ countermeasures to decrease the impact of stress on the periodontium.

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Section: Biological Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These mechanisms are based on complex interactions between immunology, psychology, neurology, and endocrinology [44] (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Biological Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of chronic stress on periodontal health

Gunepin¹,

Derache

Trousselard³

et al. 2018

J Oral Med Oral Surg

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“…Pregnancy may decrease host response and increase the risk of severe periodontal disease. It may also increase individual susceptibility to infection by reducing the immune system function its response by inhibiting lymphocyte, macrophage, and monocyte functions, which cause chronic inflammation 12 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy on the degree of gingival inflammation and stress markers related to pregnancy

2018

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ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to determine the impact of nonsurgical periodontal therapy considering the salivary stress-related hormone and cytokine levels in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) on pregnant and nonpregnant women.Material and MethodsThirty non-pregnant (control group) and 30 pregnant women (test group) that met the study inclusion criteria were chosen. Only participants with gingivitis were included. Clinical data and samples of GCF and saliva were collected at baseline and after periodontal therapy. The levels of interleukin-1 beta (Κ-1β) and IL-10, and concentration of salivary chromogranin A (CgA) hormone were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The repeated measures analysis of variance was used for intragroup and intergroup analyses.ResultsA major decrease in the gingival inflammation was observed in both groups after periodontal therapy (p<0.05). Periodontal treatment decreased the level of IL-1β in GCF (p<0.05) in control group, but no statistical difference was determined for GCF IL-1β in the test group. However, after periodontal therapy, the CgA hormone concentration was reduced in both groups (p<0.05). However, there was no difference in salivary CgA concentration, GCF IL-10 levels, and perceived stress scale (PSS)-10 between the groups (p>0.05).ConclusionsWithin the limitations of this study, periodontal therapy significantly improved the periodontal status and stress level. In addition, the severity of the gingival inflammation during pregnancy was related to stress. However, further studies will be needed to substantiate these early findings.

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“…The biological mechanism behind the association between periodontal health and psychological factors might be related to the possibility that stress modified the immune system, regulate the other responses to periodontal pathogens, change the gingival circulation, and changes in hormonal reaction, all of which might create an imbalance leading to the breakdown of microenvironment equilibrium and resulting in the development of periodontal disease. [ 18 19 ]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%