Is Race a Risk Factor for the Development of Renal Artery Stenosis?

Abstract

Atherosclerotic renal artery disease is a common cause of hypertension and chronic kidney disease that may progress into end stage renal failure if not diagnosed and treated early. Renal artery stenosis (RAS) has been shown to be an independent risk factor for mortality in patients with coronary artery disease. We sought to determine whether race is an independent risk factor for developing RAS. A retrospective study was conducted including 324 patients with resistant hypertension who underwent renal angiography with or without coronary angiography. In univariate analysis, Caucasian race was associated with significant risk of RAS (OR = 2.3, P = .01). However, this association was no longer significant after correcting for additional clinical variables in a multivariate model (OR = 1.5, P = .07). There was a strong association between smoking and RAS (OR 2.0, P = .02). We conclude that traditional risk factors, especially smoking, rather than race, are the most important predictors of RAS development.

Kidneys: The Victim Of Hypertension: Review

“…Approximately two third of renovascular hypertension caused by atherosclerosis of renal artery and the other one third caused by fibro muscular disease and other congenital anomalies [6]. There are other clinical entities as: acute renal thrombosis, embolism, cholesterol embolic disease, aortic dissection and so on.…”

“…Renal artery stenosis (RAS) is one of the commonest causes of renovascular hypertension, its prevalence increases by aging and many risk factors especially smoking but doesn't depend on race [6],…”

“…JNT, an open access journal cells and lipoprotein become greater than certain level [6,7]. Figure 3 which will need early diagnosis and effective therapeutic management, it is better to be screened by contrast enhanced ultrasound which is a non-invasive procedure, then diagnosed by traditional echo color Doppler, So the cardiovascular complications can be found earlier.…”

Atherosclerotic Renovascular Disease: Epidemiology and Clinical Manifestations

“…Despite these geographic differences, however, there does not appear to be a racial bias for development of ARVD. In 324 patients evaluated for potential renovascular hypertension, Caucasian ethnicity was not an independent risk factor for positive 0.5 1 9 9 2 1 9 9 3 1 9 9 4 1 9 9 5 1 9 9 6 1 9 9 7 1 9 9 8 investigation (OR 1.5, p = 0.07) [ 11 ] and in the community based screening study by Hansen et al ethnic distribution was identical between groups with positive and negative DUS investigations (23 % African-American, 77 % Caucasian) [ 5 ]. When comparison has been made between non-Caucasian populations investigated for ARVD, no signifi cant difference in the proportion of positive investigations was noted between African-American and Hispanic patients [ 12 ].…”

Revascularization as a treatment to improve renal function

“…In the population screening study discussed above, equal proportions of White and African American subjects had significant disease, 2 and in a retrospective analysis of over 300 patients screened for ARVD (40% non-White), Caucasian ethnicity was not identified as an independent predictor for the presence of RAS. 6 As no study has compared Caucasian and Asian patients, it is impossible to pass precise comment. However, a markedly lower proportion of Japanese patients with other macrovascular disease have abnormal renal vessels.…”