Is the aquatic environment sufficiently protected from chemicals discharged with treated ballast water from vessels worldwide? – A decadal environmental perspective and risk assessment

David, Matej; Linders, Jan; Gollasch, Stephan; David, Jan

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.05.136

Cited by 30 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Uptake Water Discharge Water LB SB Control Water (2) Treated Water (3) Salinity (psu) M (1) : 28-34 B (1) : 10-20, F (1) Intestinal enterococci (CFU 100 mL −1 ) Measured --<100…”

Section: Variablementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Biofouling and ballast water are major mechanisms in the movement of exotic species among ocean ecosystems. Global ballast water discharged from vessels engaged in international trade has been estimated to exceed 3.1 billion tons per year, involving in excess of 7000 organisms being transferred among regions, potentially adversely affecting the environment, human health, and the economy in receiving environments [1][2][3][4][5]. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) established the International Convention for the Control and Management of Ship's Ballast Water and Sediments (BWMC) in 2004, which aimed to minimize the movement of harmful organisms and pathogens via ballast water [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ballast Water Treatment Performance Evaluation under Real Changing Conditions

Jang

Hyun

Shin

2020

JMSE

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We conducted a shipboard ballast water test using seawater of extreme turbidity collected from Shanghai Port (China) (>300 mg total suspended solids (TSS)/L), and normal seawater collected in other ports (<100 mg TSS/L). All three types of International Maritime Organization (IMO)-approved ballast water management system (BWMS) tested failed to properly operate because of filter clogging or insufficient generation of oxidants under near-fresh water conditions with extremely high concentration of suspended solid during ballasting. It was also found that the number of microorganisms increased with longer ballast water retention time, with higher numbers in the treated discharge water. The results suggest that when operating a BWMS involving a filter unit in areas with water having high concentrations of suspended solids, the filter unit should be used during ballast water discharge, rather than during ballasting. This method has the advantage of removing ≥50 µm organisms at discharge that could not be removed by a filter during ballasting. For ballast water retained for long storage times, the results suggest the use of BWMSs involving UV units or electrolysis during deballasting. In addition, BWMSs involving electrolysis units provide the opportunity to maintain residual total residual oxidant (TRO) levels, using a partial ballast tank. Although the BWMSs tested are a small subset of the large number of IMO-approved BWMSs, the results demonstrate that there is a significant gap between the technology currently available and capacity to meet IMO and US Coast Guard standards.

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“…Uptake Water Discharge Water LB SB Control Water (2) Treated Water (3) Salinity (psu) M (1) : 28-34 B (1) : 10-20, F (1) Intestinal enterococci (CFU 100 mL −1 ) Measured --<100…”

Section: Variablementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ballast Water Treatment Performance Evaluation under Real Changing Conditions

Jang

Hyun

Shin

2020

JMSE

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“…Our simulations assume that DBPs are transported out of the harbour, therefore providing a lower boundary of the environmental concentrations. Other studies like David et al (2018) that use a port-based model approach to calculate the predicted environmental concentration, estimate higher bromoform values (e.g. 0.3 μg L -1 ) due to the smaller areas considered and the missing air-sea exchange.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…It will spread with many other DBPs in the marine environment once the ship discharges its ballast water. A recent risk assessment with the methodology of the Joint Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects of Marine Environmental Protection -Ballast Water Working Group (GESAMP-BWWG) showed, that this methodology does not fully account for the potential environmental risks (David et al, 2018).…”

Section: Ballast Water Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast to earlier studies which focussed on the local effect of DBPs from ballast water (e.g. David et al 2018), we investigate the long-term, large-scale influence of DBPs in the ocean and atmosphere. Therefore, we need regional to global ocean velocity and surface wind data which can be obtained from high-resolution ocean general circulation models (OGCM).…”

Section: Lagrangian Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simulating the spread of disinfection by-products and anthropogenic bromoform emissions from ballast water discharge in Southeast Asia

Maas¹,

Tegtmeier²,

Quack³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Abstract. Ballast water treatment is required for vessels to prevent the introduction of potentially invasive neobiota. Some treatment methods use chemical disinfectants which produce a variety of halogenated compounds as disinfection by-products (DBPs). One of the most abundant DBP from oxidative ballast water treatment is bromoform (CHBr3) where we find an average concentration of 894 ± 560 nmol L-1 (226 ± 142 μg L-1) in the undiluted ballast water from measurements and literature. Bromoform is a relevant gas for atmospheric chemistry and ozone depletion, especially in the tropics where entrainment into the stratosphere is possible. The spread of DBPs in the tropics over months to years is assessed here for the first time. With Lagrangian trajectories based on the NEMO-ORCA12 model velocity field, we simulate DBP spread in the sea surface and try to quantify the oceanic bromoform concentration and emission to the atmosphere from ballast water discharge at major harbours in the tropical region of Southeast Asia. The exemplary simulations of two important regions, Singapore and the Pearl River Delta, reveal major transport pathways of the DBPs and the anthropogenic bromoform concentrations in the sea surface. Based on our simulations, we expect DBPs to spread into the open ocean, along the coast and also an advection with monsoon-driven currents into the North Pacific and Indian Ocean. Furthermore, anthropogenic bromoform concentrations and emissions are predicted to increase locally around large harbours. In the sea surface around Singapore we estimate an increase in bromoform concentration by 9 % compared to recent measurement. In a moderate scenario where 70 % of the ballast water is chemically treated bromoform emissions to the atmosphere can locally exceed 1000 pmol m-2 h-1 and double climatological emissions. In the Pearl River Delta all bromoform is directly outgassed which leads to an additional bromine (Br) input into the atmosphere of 495 kmol Br (∼42 t CHBr3) a-1. From Singapore ports the additional atmospheric Br input is calculated as 312 kmol Br (∼26 t CHBr3) a-1. We estimate the global anthropogenic Br input from ballast water into the atmosphere of up to 13 Mmol a-1. This is 0.1 % global Br input from background bromoform emissions and thus probably not relevant for stratospheric ozone depletion.

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Introduction: Update of the Global Maritime Transport and Ballast Water Management Book First Edition

Gollasch,

David

2024

Invading Nature - Springer Series in Invasion Ecology

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Is the aquatic environment sufficiently protected from chemicals discharged with treated ballast water from vessels worldwide? – A decadal environmental perspective and risk assessment

Cited by 30 publications

References 24 publications

Ballast Water Treatment Performance Evaluation under Real Changing Conditions

Ballast Water Treatment Performance Evaluation under Real Changing Conditions

Simulating the spread of disinfection by-products and anthropogenic bromoform emissions from ballast water discharge in Southeast Asia

Introduction: Update of the Global Maritime Transport and Ballast Water Management Book First Edition

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