The improvement of corporate governance efficiency is an important way to achieve high-quality economic development. This article takes retail enterprises as the research object, combines the three economic development stages of enterprise life cycle and high-speed growth stage, medium-speed growth stage and the new normal of economic development. Starting from the static and dynamic dimensions, the DEA and Malmquist index method are used for retail enterprises. Analyze the evolution process of governance efficiency. The results show that retail enterprises generally have the problem of redundant governance investment, and the total factor productivity of retail enterprises in each life cycle is showing a downward trend. On this basis, combined with the characteristics of the life cycle of retail enterprises, it puts forward suggestions for improving governance, and explores effective ways to improve the efficiency of retail enterprise governance.