Is the Secret in the Gut? SuperJump Activity Improves Bone Remodeling and Glucose Homeostasis by GLP-1 and GIP Peptides in Eumenorrheic Women

Abstract

We showed that twenty weeks of SuperJump activity, an innovative workout training performed on an elastic minitrampoline, reduced bone resorption and increased bone formation in eumenorrheic women acting on the key points of the regulation of bone metabolism. The present study analyzed whether the gastrointestinal hormones are involved in the mechanism of action and if it has an impact on glucose homeostasis. The control group was composed of twelve women, similar to the exercise group that performed SuperJump activity for twenty weeks. The analysis was performed on blood samples and investigated GLP-1, GIP, GLP-2, PYY, ghrelin, glucose, insulin, insulin resistance, β-cell function, and insulin sensitivity. The results showed that the activity contributes to raising the GLP-1and GIP levels, and not on GLP-2, PYY, and ghrelin, which did not change. Moreover, SuperJump activity significantly reduced fasting insulin, glucose, insulin resistance, and increased insulin sensitivity but did not affect beta cell function. These data suggest that GLP-1, and GIP are involved in the mechanism of action that improves bone and glucose homeostasis following 20 weeks of SuperJump activity in eumenorrheic women.

Impact on Glucose Homeostasis: Is Food Biofortified with Molybdenum a Workable Solution? A Two-Arm Study

“…Following food intake, the gastrointestinal endocrine cells are selectively activated, on the basis of the different macronutrients and micronutrients composition of the meal, to secrete gut peptides [ 32 ] and in turn, these peptides influence glucose homeostasis [ 27 , 29 , 30 , 33 , 34 , 35 ]. Therefore, micronutrients present in the meal could act on endocrine cells by influencing the quantity of gut peptides released.…”

“…To quantify gastrointestinal hormones the plasma samples were collected as previously shown [ 27 , 28 ] and were analyzed in duplicates using the enzyme immunoassay kits for active GLP-1 (EZGLPHS-35K), total GIP (EZHGIP-54K), total PYY (EZGRT-89K), GLP-2 (EZGLP-237K) from Millipore [ 29 ]. Fasting glucose and insulin, insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR), β-cell function (HOMA2-%B) and insulin sensitivity (HOMA2-%S) were measured as previously shown [ 30 ].…”

“…For power calculation, the inclusion of eight subjects would be needed to be able to detect differences in fasting glucose (probability [β] of 20% and level of statistical significance [α] of 5%) based on our previous study [ 30 ]. In this case, 12 subjects were included in order to decrease the risks of type 2 errors and to increase the power for evaluation of secondary outcomes.…”

A New Potential Dietary Approach to Supply Micronutrients to Physically Active People through Consumption of Biofortified Vegetables

“…An a priori power calculation based on previous studies of hematological parameters [ 24 , 25 , 31 ], utilizing a level of statistical significance (α) of 5% and probability (β) of 20%, was used to estimate a sample size of eight participants. Twelve subjects were included in the study to reduce the risk of type-two errors and to enhance the evaluation power for secondary outcomes.…”

Effects of a Resistance Training Protocol on Physical Performance, Body Composition, Bone Metabolism, and Systemic Homeostasis in Patients Diagnosed with Parkinson’s Disease: A Pilot Study

“…Physical activity is a key stimulus for symptoms management, it also produces lactate and myokines that contribute to brain health [ 11 , 12 , 13 ]. Several factors influence bone metabolism during physical activity, such as nutrition, as meals influence bone resorption through mechanisms still under study, such as the secretion of gut hormones [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ]. However, this mechanical stimulus must have a specific range within which the bone tissue response is activated, specifically from 50 to 100 microstrain (με), defined as minimum effective strain (MES) [ 23 ].…”