“…While empirical evidence on the use of learning strategies is inconsistent (e.g., Choy, O'Grady, & Rotgans, 2012;Dinsmore & Alexander, 2012), it is generally assumed that the use of deep-level learning strategies results in higher quality learning than the use of surface learning strategies (Gijbels, Van de Watering, Dochy, & Van den Bossche, 2005). However, dichotomizing surface learning strategies and deep-level learning strategies entails the danger of giving a too simplified description of strategy use as it suggests that learners are stable in their orientation (Dinsmore & Alexander, 2012).…”