Is There Any Relation Between Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome and Alzheimer’s Type Dementia?

Cumurcu, Tongabay; Dorak, Ferhat; Cumurcu, Birgül Elbozan; Erbay, Lale Gönenir; Özsoy, Ercan

doi:10.3109/08820538.2013.793726

Cited by 46 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…; Cumurcu et al. ). Additionally, subgroup, meta‐regression analyses and quality score assessments were carried out to explore the source of heterogeneity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Association between glaucoma and the risk of Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review of observational studies

Zou

Geng

et al. 2019

Acta Ophthalmologica

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To address inconsistency as well as investigate the relationship between glaucoma and the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We systematically conducted this meta‐analysis based on observational studies published up to 15 January 2018, identified from PubMed and Web of Science. Two team members independently extracted the data and assessed the quality of each included study. Summary relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random‐effects model. Eight observational studies with 6870 AD cases were included. The majority of these studies (n = 6) were graded as low risk according to the Newcastle‐Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. Individuals diagnosed with glaucoma, compared to those who were not, had an increased risk of AD (RR = 1.52; 95% CI: 1.41–1.63; I2 = 97%, p < 0.001). A significant finding was also observed for primary open‐angle glaucoma (RR = 1.52; 95% CI: 1.41–1.63; I2 = 97%, p < 0.001). However, when stratified by study design, only the case–control studies (RR = 1.08; 95% CI: 0.89–1.31; I2 = 37.3%, p = 0.207) yielded significant results, while the cohort studies did not (RR = 1.08; 95% CI: 0.89–1.31; I2 = 97.7%, p < 0.001). Of note, our meta‐regression analysis suggested that study design might be a source of heterogeneity (p = 0.009). Additionally, a significantly positive association was observed when the analyses were restricted to Asia (RR = 2.03; 95% CI: 1.02–4.07). There was no significant publication bias in these analyses. Recent evidence suggests that glaucoma may increase the risk of AD. Additional cohort studies are needed to confirm these findings and to have improved knowledge on the true nature of this association.

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“…; Cumurcu et al. ). Additionally, subgroup, meta‐regression analyses and quality score assessments were carried out to explore the source of heterogeneity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…; Cumurcu et al. ) investigated the association between glaucoma and risk of dementia, as opposed to risk of AD, specifically. Another two included studies (Chandra et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between glaucoma and the risk of Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review of observational studies

Zou

Geng

et al. 2019

Acta Ophthalmologica

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“…The two largest studies 57,58 in this review showed a protective association between AD and glaucoma, whereas the smaller studies suggested greater risk. Methodology varied; half of the studies evaluated both diseases crosssectionally, 51,53,55,59,60 limiting ability to make conclusions about causality and progression. Smaller case-control studies tended to adjust for age and sex only, whereas the larger studies adjusted for other confounding variables.…”

Section: Glaucoma and Admentioning

confidence: 99%

How strong is the relationship between glaucoma, the retinal nerve fibre layer, and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease and multiple sclerosis?

Jones-Odeh

Hammond

2015

Eye

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Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disorder with established relationships with ocular structures such as the retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) and the ganglion cell layer (GCL). Ocular imaging techniques such as optical coherence tomography (OCT) allow for quantitative measurement of these structures. OCT has been used in the monitoring of glaucoma, as well as investigating other neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and multiple sclerosis (MS). In this review, we highlight the association between these disorders and ocular structures (RNFL and GCL), examining their usefulness as biomarkers of neurodegeneration. The average RNFL thickness loss in patients with AD is 11 μm, and 7 μm in MS patients. Most of the studies investigating these changes are cross-sectional. Further longitudinal studies are required to assess sensitivity and specificity of these potential ocular biomarkers to neurodegenerative disease progression. Eye (2015Eye ( ) 29, 1270Eye ( -1284 doi:10.1038/eye.2015; published online 4 September 2015 IntroductionGlaucoma is a neurodegenerative optic neuropathy manifesting with progressive retinal ganglion cell (RGC) and axonal loss, which can result in visual field defects and blindness because of permanent cellular and neuronal damage. Subjective clinical examination of the optic nerve head (ONH) allows for assessment and monitoring of the structural changes associated with glaucoma. However, objective detection of defects in the peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) by ophthalmoscopy is difficult. The relationship between glaucoma progression and the structural changes observed at the ONH, RGC layer, and RNFL in glaucoma is well established. [1][2][3][4] Early diagnosis and treatment of glaucoma is vital to maintain visual field, as loss of RGCs is irreversible, 5 and even before any detectable visual field defects, there is a substantial loss of RGCs. Morphological abnormalities can develop 3-5 years before any functional loss is detected. 6 Since the introduction of ocular imaging techniques such as optical coherence tomography (OCT), peripapillary RNFL thickness measurements have been used for the detection and monitoring of glaucoma. 7,8 However, the use of OCT has extended beyond RNFL measurements for glaucoma, and has also been used in the investigation of other neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) 9-11 and multiple sclerosis (MS). [12][13][14] In addition, given the similarities of brain and retinal foetal angiogenesis, 15,16 retinal microvasculature has also been investigated as a biomarker of changes in cerebral vasculature and cognitive decline. [17][18][19] In this review, we examine the relationships between glaucoma, neurodegenerative disease, and cognitive impairment, and the use of RNFL thickness and RGC loss as potential ocular biomarkers for neurodegenerative disorders such as AD and MS. We review the strength of associations between RNFL and RGC and Eye (2015Eye ( ) 29, 1270Eye ( -1284Eye ( © 2015 Macmillan Publis...

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“…Studies suggest a possible relationship between AD and a specific subtype of age-related cataract (supranuclear cataract) [19] and the existence of a pathway leading to AD-linked pathology in the brain and lens [24]. What is more, the frequency of dementia in patients who had cataract is higher than that in patients without cataract [25]. It is therefore speculated that cataract can be considered a window to indicate the presence of systemic disorders.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Promise and Challenge: The Lens Model as a Biomarker for Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease

et al. 2014

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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia pathologically characterized by cerebral amyloid-beta (Aβ) deposition. Early and accurate diagnosis of the disease still remains a big challenge. There is evidence that Aβ aggregation starts to occur years before symptoms arise. Noninvasive monitoring of Aβ plaques is critical for both the early diagnosis and prognosis of AD. Presently, there is a major effort on looking for a reasonably priced technology capable of diagnosing AD by detecting the presence of Aβ. Studies suggest that AD is systemic rather than brain-limited focus diseases and the aggregation of the disease-causing proteins also takes place in lens except the brain. There is a possible relationship between AD and a specific subtype of age-related cataract (supranuclear cataract). If similar abnormal protein deposits are present in the lens, it would facilitate non-invasive diagnosis and monitoring of disease progression. However, there are controversies on the issues related to performance and validation of Aβ deposition in lens as biomarkers for early detection of AD. Here we review the recent findings concerning Aβ deposition in the lenses of AD patients and evaluate if the ocular lens can provide a biomarker for AD.

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Is There Any Relation Between Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome and Alzheimer’s Type Dementia?

Abstract: The increased frequency of Alzheimer-related dementia in patients with PEX is important and a possible association between PEX and Alzheimer's disease could be present.

Cited by 46 publications

References 29 publications

Association between glaucoma and the risk of Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review of observational studies

Association between glaucoma and the risk of Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review of observational studies

How strong is the relationship between glaucoma, the retinal nerve fibre layer, and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease and multiple sclerosis?

Promise and Challenge: The Lens Model as a Biomarker for Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease

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