Is Tickling Torture? Assessing Welfare towards Slow Lorises (Nycticebus spp.) within Web 2.0 Videos

Nekaris, K. A. I.; Musing, Louisa; Vázquez, Asier; Donati, Giuseppe

doi:10.1159/000444231

Cited by 64 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…As a well-known and frequently encountered species (i.e., globally in zoos, and at select popular tourist sites in Madagascar), the overarching perception is that L. catta is not globally threatened, nor in imminent threat of extinction. A primate species' prevalence in the media has been associated with the belief that wild populations are stable and not threatened by extinction [Leighty et al, 2015;Nekaris et al, 2016]. This false impression that ring-tailed lemurs are not threatened with extinction could be devastating for the species (and larger communities of biodiversity in Madagascar) as it may impede the ability to secure funding for rapid conservation action.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid Decrease in Populations of Wild Ring-Tailed Lemurs (Lemur catta) in Madagascar

LaFleur

Clarke²,

Reuter³

et al. 2017

IJFP

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Lemurs are the most threatened group of mammals on earth. Lemur catta (ring-tailed lemur) represents one of the most iconic lemur species and faces numerous anthropogenic threats in the wild. In this study, we present population estimates from 32 sites across the range of L. catta, collected from primary and secondary data sources, to assess the number of ring-tailed lemurs left in the wild. We estimate that there are approximately 2,220 individual L. catta remaining in the 32 sites considered. We note local extinctions of populations of L. catta in at least 12 of the 32 sites examined, and that significantly more extinctions occurred in areas without some form of protection. This decrease in extant populations could represent a decrease of more than 95% of all ring-tailed lemurs in Madagascar since the year 2000. While these results should be considered preliminary, we stress the rapid decline of the species and note that habitat loss, bushmeat hunting and the illegal pet trade are driving populations to local extinction. Based on the data presented here, urgent and immediate funding and conservation action are crucial to ensure the viability of the remaining wild populations of ring-tailed lemurs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid Decrease in Populations of Wild Ring-Tailed Lemurs (Lemur catta) in Madagascar

LaFleur

Clarke²,

Reuter³

et al. 2017

IJFP

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“…are threatened by hunting and the illegal wildlife trade [Nijman et al, 2014;Musing et al, 2015]. Although they are protected under international law (CITES Appendix I) [Nekaris and Nijman, 2007], they are in demand as pets in many countries Nekaris et al, 2015;Osterberg and Nekaris, 2015]. Public perception of slow lorises as "cute" has likely increased this demand .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abnormal Repetitive Behaviours of Confiscated Slow Loris (Nycticebus spp.) in Thailand

Khudamrongsawat¹,

Nakchamnan²,

Laithong³

et al. 2018

IJFP

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The illegal wildlife trade, especially of live animals, is a major threat to slow lorises. Large numbers of confiscated slow lorises are sent to rescue facilities. We aimed to describe the occurrence and types of abnormal repetitive behaviours (ARBs) in 36 confiscated Bengal slow lorises (Nycticebus bengalensis), and examined factors influencing the occurrence of ARBs. We recorded behaviours of the slow lorises using instantaneous scans every 5 min from 19: 00 to 06: 00 h, and observed 6 types of ARBs in 14 (38.9%) individuals. Each individual exhibited 1 type of ARB. The most prevalent ARBs were pacing, rocking and up-down movement, and represented 29.9 ± 13.6% of the activity budget. Sex did not significantly influence the occurrence of ARB. Animals who had been at the centre for longer had a greater tendency to exhibit ARBs, but this was not statistically significant. We suggest that housing slow lorises in large semi-natural enclosures with conspecifics may reduce ARBs. Other factors potentially influencing ARBs, such as cage size, should be further investigated.

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“…for the exotic pet trade [Nekaris and Nijman, 2007;Nekaris et al, 2013aNekaris et al, , 2015. Indeed, Internet access and online networks enabled actors to move from one scale of trade to the other easily, as opportunistic poachers are able to find remote buyers, for example:…”

Section: From Opportunistic Local Use To Targeted Regional Tradementioning

confidence: 99%

“…He did not see the slow loris as an active non-human agent. Similarly, Nekaris et al [2015] examined online videos of slow lorises as pets and associated comments, and discussed the high prevalence of positive public opinion about the videos despite clear welfare concerns. A shift in ontology around anthropocentric agency of slow loris consumers towards non-human agency will require systematic, substantial and holistic efforts.…”

Section: A More-than-human Ontology Of Human-slow Loris Interactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Slow Loris Trade in Vietnam: Exploring Diverse Knowledge and Values

Thạch

Lê²,

Vu³

et al. 2018

IJFP

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Wildlife trade can present a major threat to primate populations. In Vietnam, slow lorises (genus Nycticebus) are subject to local, regional and international demand for diverse uses including as medicine, as meat and for pets. Ethnographic approaches explore the nuances of human-primate interactions in complex sociocultural contexts. We combined ethnographic interviews of key informants with information from questionnaires, focus groups and a movie broadcast on Vietnamese television to explore diverse knowledge and values related to slow lorises and their use in trade in Vietnam. We infer prices, uses and networks for expanding targeted regional and international markets as compared to the opportunistic local one. We highlight key findings related to gendered knowledge about slow lorises and more-than-human ontologies of slow lorises as active participants in human-slow loris interactions. We suggest that conservation efforts should pay attention to the clarification of vernacular names, and use names that highlight ecological or behavioural qualities of slow lorises, rather than other names that could be confused with medicinal remedies. Our results confirm the dynamic complexity of trade in Vietnam, highlighting the importance of ethnographic methods to explore diverse knowledge and values for place-based or site-appropriate conservation management of primates and other highly traded taxa.

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Is Tickling Torture? Assessing Welfare towards Slow Lorises (Nycticebus spp.) within Web 2.0 Videos

Cited by 64 publications

References 69 publications

Rapid Decrease in Populations of Wild Ring-Tailed Lemurs (Lemur catta) in Madagascar

Rapid Decrease in Populations of Wild Ring-Tailed Lemurs (Lemur catta) in Madagascar

Abnormal Repetitive Behaviours of Confiscated Slow Loris (Nycticebus spp.) in Thailand

Slow Loris Trade in Vietnam: Exploring Diverse Knowledge and Values

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