Is torquetenovirus a potential cause of liver damage in children?

Nobili, Valério; Maggi, Fabrizio; Diciommo, Vincenzo; Caione, Daniela; Marcellini, Matilde; Bendinelli, Mauro

doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2005.01.008

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Initially, the circumstances under which TTV was unveiled 1, 2 led to almost solely investigate the possible role of the virus as a cause of those forms of putative liver infections in which no causing agent can be identified and that still represent approximately 5% of all cases of chronic hepatitis and a larger percentage of all acute liver diseases 75–78. Scattered data continue to appear in the literature that are compatible with the possibility that transient and mild abnormalities in liver enzymes levels are, in some cases, associated with TTV or specific genotypes of this virus 79–82. Overall, the subsequent findings have, however, ruled out TTV as an important cause of clinically evident liver disease.…”

Section: Anelloviruses and Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Human anelloviruses and the central nervous system

Maggi

Bendinelli

2010

Reviews in Medical Virology

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Torque teno virus and related anelloviruses are a recent addition to the list of agents that cause chronic productive infections and high levels of plasma viraemia in humans. Many aspects of the natural history and pathogenesis of these under many respects surprising viruses are still poorly understood. In this review, we briefly outline the general properties of anelloviruses, examine what is currently known about the interactions they establish with the central nervous system (CNS), and discuss the possible pathological consequences.

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Section: Anelloviruses and Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Human anelloviruses and the central nervous system

Maggi

Bendinelli

2010

Reviews in Medical Virology

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“…TTV is associated with febrile episodes 40 , or respiratory illnesses 41 , 42 , in children. There are numerous reports of TTV involvement in liver diseases 43 , 44 . These results were consistent with our finding that a higher viral load of TTV was correlated with more severe hepatobiliary damage in patients with KD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral load of Torquetenovirus correlates with Sano’s score and levels of total bilirubin and aspartate aminotransferase in Kawasaki disease

Spezia,

Matsudaira,

Filippini

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Cause of Kawasaki disease (KD) is unknown. KD is often resistant to treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). Sano’s score, which is derived from total bilirubin (TBIL), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and C-reactive protein (CRP), is predictive of IVIG resistance in Japan. A recent study reported that Torquetenovirus (TTV), especially TTV7, was present at a high viral load in the patients with KD. We used PCR to quantify TTV load and amplicon next generation sequencing to detect individual TTV species. We used serum samples that were collected between 2002 and 2005 from 57 Japanese KD patients before IVIG treatment. Correlations between TTV load and Sano’s score, the biomarkers that constitute this score, and IVIG resistance were examined. TTV load was positively correlated with Sano’s score (P = 0.0248), TBIL (P = 0.0004), and AST (P = 0.0385), but not with CRP (P = 0.6178). TTV load was marginally correlated with IVIG resistance (P = 0.1544). Presence of TTV7 was correlated with total TTV load significantly (P = 0.0231). The correlations between biomarkers for KD and TTV load suggested that TTV may play a role in the pathophysiology of KD. We hypothesize that TTV7 may be associated with a higher total viral load in KD.

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“…TTV was first identified by Nishizawa et al, in 1997 [32] and assigned to a new family, Anelloviridae [20]. The pathogenicity of TTV is unknown except that it causes fever, respiratory symptoms, and elevation in hepatobiliary enzymes in children [33][34][35]. Most human beings are infected with at least one TTV species, establishing a persistent infection [36].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Torquetenovirus Species in Patients with Kawasaki Disease Using a Newly Developed Species-Specific PCR Method

Spezia,

Filippini,

Nagao

et al. 2023

IJMS

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A next-generation sequencing (NGS) study identified a very high viral load of Torquetenovirus (TTV) in KD patients. We aimed to evaluate the feasibility of a newly developed quantitative species-specific TTV-PCR (ssTTV-PCR) method to identify the etiology of KD. We applied ssTTV-PCR to samples collected from 11 KD patients and 22 matched control subjects who participated in our previous prospective study. We used the NGS dataset from the previous study to validate ssTTV-PCR. The TTV loads in whole blood and nasopharyngeal aspirates correlated highly (Spearman’s R = 0.8931, p < 0.0001, n = 33), supporting the validity of ssTTV-PCR. The ssTTV-PCR and NGS results were largely consistent. However, inconsistencies occurred when ssTTV-PCR was more sensitive than NGS, when the PCR primer sequences mismatched the viral sequences in the participants, and when the NGS quality score was low. Interpretation of NGS requires complex procedures. ssTTV-PCR is more sensitive than NGS but may fail to detect a fast-evolving TTV species. It would be prudent to update primer sets using NGS data. With this precaution, ssTTV-PCR can be used reliably in a future large-scale etiological study for KD.

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Is torquetenovirus a potential cause of liver damage in children?

Cited by 4 publications

References 4 publications

Human anelloviruses and the central nervous system

Human anelloviruses and the central nervous system

Viral load of Torquetenovirus correlates with Sano’s score and levels of total bilirubin and aspartate aminotransferase in Kawasaki disease

Identification of Torquetenovirus Species in Patients with Kawasaki Disease Using a Newly Developed Species-Specific PCR Method

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