Is tree shelter protection an effective complement to weed competition management in improving the morpho-physiological response of holm oak planted seedlings?

Effects of Tree Shelters on the Survival and Growth ofArgania spinosaSeedlings in Mediterranean Arid Environment

“…Almost all mortalities were observed during the first year. These results confirm the previous findings [13,[19][20][21][22][23][24] which showed that mortality was higher for unprotected plants compared to sheltered plants. Similar results were found in arid climate for Eucalyptus tree [12].…”

“…There was no significant difference compared to the 150 cm shelters. These classic effects of stimulation of height growth of seedlings have been reported by many authors for many tree species and climates [19,20,23,24,26,[34][35][36][37][38]. Similar results were obtained for oak trees in the south of England [9], for walnut in the south of France [14], and for the argan tree after one growing season under nonlimiting water conditions [39].…”

Soil conditions and sheltering techniques improve active restoration of degraded Nothofagus pumilio forest in Southern Patagonia

“…Even though microclimatic conditions within the shelter can have an adverse effect (Navarro-Cerrillo et al, 2005), the better survival in plastic shelters on MS plots were similar to results from other studies (Piñeiro et al, 2013;Valenzuela et al 2016). Plastic shelters reduce solar radiation and mechanical damage and improve thermal regulation (Ceacero et al, 2014;Del Campo et al, 2006;Puértolas et al, 2010), thus creating an adequate environment for N. pumilio (Valenzuela et al 2016).…”

Reforesting drylands under novel climates with extreme drought filters: The importance of trait-based species selection

“…In this work, Holm oak early survival (2009: 58 %) and growth are comparable to or slightly better than those reported elsewhere (Pausas et al, 2004;Palacios et al, 2009), demonstrating the fitness of the species to the site in absence of extreme drought. Very low survival values are common for this species during the first years of establishment (Navarro-Cerrillo et al, 2009;del Campo et al, 2010;Ceacero et al, 2012Ceacero et al, , 2014 and it has been recognized its poor performance when planted on limestones and exposed to severe drought, with survival rates close to 15 % (Pausas et al, 2004), similar to the value reported here. Ten-year's survival in central Spain was around 40-45 %, height of 90 cm and basal diameter of 3.5 cm (del Campo et al, 2008c), clearly above the values reported here (Figure 2) and evidencing a failure on the selection of this species.…”

“…Millions of hectares of planted forests cover the Mediterranean basin, providing multiple services to local economies and societies such as in Spain, which has been one of the most active countries in the world implementing forest restoration works since mid-19 th century, with about 5 Mha artificially regenerated (FAO, 2010;Vadell et al, 2016). This long experience has set a strong technical and scientific expertise in the many subjects that together integrate the body of forest restoration, such as nursery production and stock quality assessment (del Campo et al, 2010;Villar-Salvador et al, 2012), biophysical characterization of the land (Elena-Roselló, 2004), site preparation and pre-existing vegetation removal (Navarro-Garnica, 1977;Martínez de Azagra, 1996;Löf et al, 2012), site-species matching (Rivas-Martínez, 1987;Pemán-García et al, 2006), application of cultural treatments (Ceacero et al, 2012(Ceacero et al, , 2014, etc. On the one hand, this effort has provided a fairly valued and recognized know-how that can be used elsewhere in the reforestation of harsh and degraded drylands (Coello et al, 2015).…”