Is yawning a cholinergic response?

Urbá‐Holmgren, Ruth; González, Rafael de Miguel; Holmgren, B.

doi:10.1038/267261a0

Cited by 111 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Gasps have not, to our knowledge, been reported in other drug withdrawal reactions. In contrast to gasps, yawns as well as teeth chatter can be elicited by systemic administration of cholinergic drugs, such as pilocarpine and physostigmine, which are considered to act essentially via muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChR) in brain (Ushijima et al 1984), but not by nicotine (Urba-Holmgren et al 1977). Moreover, yawning can be elicited by low doses of DA D 2 -and/or D 3 -receptor agonists, e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral and Biochemical Manifestations of Mecamylamine-Precipitated Nicotine Withdrawal in the Rat Role of Nicotinic Receptors in the Ventral Tegmental Area

Hildebrand

Panagis

Svensson

et al. 1999

Neuropsychopharmacology

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Brain mesolimbic dopamine (DA) neurons are considered critical for the dependence-producing action of nicotine, and its stimulatory effect on behavior and DA neurotransmission appears largely mediated via nicotinic receptors (nAChRs) in the ventral tegmental area (VTA). The nAChR antagonist mecamylamine administered systemically in chronically nicotine-treated rats elicits a behavioral withdrawal syndrome concomitant with a reduced DA output in the nucleus accumbens (NAC). Here, we investigated the behavioral and biochemical consequences of intrategmental administration of mecamylamine in rats chronically infused with nicotine by means of minipumps for 14 days (9 mg/kg/day). Bilateral, intrategmental mecamylamine injections (1, 3 or 9 g/0.5 l/ side) dose-dependently increased abstinence signs such as gasps, teeth chatter, and reduced locomotor activity in nicotine-treated, but not in control animals. Moreover, a unilateral intrategmental injection of 9 g mecamylamine reduced DA output in the ipsilateralThe habit of tobacco smoking is widely considered to represent a form of drug addiction to nicotine (Clarke 1990;Corrigall et al. 1992) and, in fact, constitutes the leading preventable cause of human morbidity and premature mortality in the US (US Department of Health and Human Services 1988). Although smokers are usually aware of the negative health consequences of their habit, the prognosis of successful smoking cessation is relatively poor. Thus, approximately 80% of smokers enrolled in cessation programmes fail to quit (Stitzer and Gross 1988). A nicotine withdrawal reaction, which usually emerges within 24 hrs after the last cigarette, is considered to significantly contribute to the high relapse rate during the early stages of attempted cessation (Shiffman and Jarvik 1976;Hughes et al. 1992;Killen et al. 1991;West et al. 1989), although a lack of correlation Received December 10, 1998; revised April 7, 1999; accepted April 20, 1999. N EUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY 1999 -VOL . 21 , NO . 4 Role of VTA Nicotinic Receptors in Nicotine Withdrawal 561 between withdrawal severity and probability for relapse has been reported in other studies (see Hughes et al. 1991).In rats chronically treated with nicotine, sudden withdrawal precipitated by systemic administration of the non-competitive nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist mecamylamine (Malin et al. 1994;Hildebrand et al. 1997), as well as spontaneous withdrawal caused by termination of a chronic nicotine infusion (Malin et al. 1992;Hildebrand et al. 1997), produces behavioral symptoms similar to those described in opiate withdrawal (see Bläsig et al. 1973). Acute as well as chronic administration of nicotine increases locomotor activity in rats (Benwell and Balfour 1992;Clarke and Kumar 1983;Stolerman et al. 1973), whereas in nicotine withdrawal locomotor activity is markedly reduced (Malin et al. 1992(Malin et al. , 1994Hildebrand et al. 1997).Compelling evidence indicates that the mesolimbic dopamine (DA) system plays a pivotal role in mediati...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral and Biochemical Manifestations of Mecamylamine-Precipitated Nicotine Withdrawal in the Rat Role of Nicotinic Receptors in the Ventral Tegmental Area

Hildebrand

Panagis

Svensson

et al. 1999

Neuropsychopharmacology

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“…The reason why the non-relativistic Breit-Wigner form fits better to the data is not clear, but we note that previous experiments that determined the Σ(1385) mass and width based on hadronic reactions [25], also had difficulties in fitting to a relativistic P -wave Breit-Wigner line shape, and tested non-relativistic forms with massindependent widths [41][42][43]. Because these papers measured the charged Σ(1385) line shapes, where leakage due to the Λ(1405) or other Λ * states cannot occur, this seems to be an inherent feature of the Σ(1385), and not due to some unaccounted leakage in our data.…”

Section: Yield Extraction Of Excited Hyperonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of theΣπphotoproduction line shapes near theΛ(1405)

Moriya¹,

Schumacher²,

Adhikari³

et al. 2013

Phys. Rev. C

139

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The reaction γ + p → K + + Σ + π was used to determine the invariant mass distributions or "line shapes" of the Σ + π − , Σ − π + and Σ 0 π 0 final states, from threshold at 1328 MeV/c 2 through the mass range of the Λ(1405) and the Λ(1520). The measurements were made with the CLAS system at Jefferson Lab using tagged real photons, for center-of-mass energies 1.95 < W < 2.85 GeV. The three mass distributions differ strongly in the vicinity of the I = 0 Λ(1405), indicating the presence of substantial I = 1 strength in the reaction. Background contributions to the data from the Σ 0 (1385) and from K * Σ production were studied and shown to have negligible influence. To separate the isospin amplitudes, Breit-Wigner model fits were made that included channel-coupling distortions due to the NK threshold. A best fit to all the data was obtained after including a phenomenological I = 1, J P = 1/2 − amplitude with a centroid at 1394 ± 20 MeV/c 2 and a second I = 1 amplitude at 1413 ± 10 MeV/c 2 . The centroid of the I = 0 Λ(1405) strength was found at the Σπ threshold, with the observed shape determined largely by channel-coupling, leading to an apparent overall peak near 1405 MeV/c 2 .

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“…Apart from the constellation of behavioral and neuropharmacological consequences of PSD, yawning is particularly interesting because it can be elicited by several cholinergic agonists (Urbá-Holmgren et al 1977, Wood et al 1979, such as low doses of dopaminergic agonists (Mogilnicka and Klimek 1977) and polypeptides such as α-MSH and ACTH (Ferrari et al 1963, Yamada and Furukawa 1981, Lobo et al 1990). This finding suggests that multiple neurotransmitter systems modulate this behavior.…”

Section: Yawningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paradoxical sleep deprivation: neurochemical, hormonal and behavioral alterations. Evidence from 30 years of research

Tufik

Andersen

Bittencourt

et al. 2009

An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc.

145

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Sleep comprises approximately one-third of a person's lifetime, but its impact on health and medical conditions remains partially unrecognized. The prevalence of sleep disorders is increasing in modern societies, with significant repercussions on people's well-being. This article reviews past and current literature on the paradoxical sleep deprivation method as well as data on its consequences to animals, ranging from behavioral changes to alterations in the gene expression. More specifically, we highlight relevant experimental studies and our group's contribution over the last three decades.

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Is yawning a cholinergic response?

Cited by 111 publications

References 5 publications

Behavioral and Biochemical Manifestations of Mecamylamine-Precipitated Nicotine Withdrawal in the Rat Role of Nicotinic Receptors in the Ventral Tegmental Area

Behavioral and Biochemical Manifestations of Mecamylamine-Precipitated Nicotine Withdrawal in the Rat Role of Nicotinic Receptors in the Ventral Tegmental Area

Measurement of theΣπphotoproduction line shapes near theΛ(1405)

Paradoxical sleep deprivation: neurochemical, hormonal and behavioral alterations. Evidence from 30 years of research

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