Ischemic preconditioning boosts post-exercise but not resting cardiac vagal control in endurance runners

Sabino‐Carvalho, Jeann L.; Obeid-Freitas, Tiago; Paula‐Ribeiro, Marcelle; Lopes, Thiago Ribeiro; Ferreira, Thiago Henrique Nunes; Succi, José Ernesto; Silva, Antônio C.; Silva, Bruno M.

doi:10.1007/s00421-018-4052-3

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Many of the studies that have examined the effects of RIPC in humans have generally done so after implementing only a single RIPC session (Sabino‐Carvalho et al., 2019). No differences in HRV were observed immediately following a single bout of RIPC (Khaliulin et al., 2019; Zagidullin et al., 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This may be due to a floor effect (i.e. low baseline LF/HF ratio) in which these participants already exhibited high baseline parasympathetic tone, thereby minimizing any potential effect from repeated RIPC (Sabino‐Carvalho et al., 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With repeated RIPC, one study demonstrated that RIPC two times per day over 6 weeks in ischaemic heart failure patients altered sympathovagal balance toward increased vagal activity (Chen et al., 2018). Thus, RIPC appears to affect autonomic function in humans and this effect may be enhanced after multiple RIPC bouts have been performed; however, the dose of RIPC remains unclear (Sabino‐Carvalho et al., 2019). The sum of early and late effects of IPC (Loukogeorgakis et al., 2005) could amplify the effects of RIPC (Lang, Kim, Franke, & Vianna, 2019; Lopes et al., 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Two weeks of remote ischaemic preconditioning alters sympathovagal balance in healthy humans

Gardner

Sabino‐Carvalho

Kim

et al. 2020

Experimental Physiology

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New Findings What is the central question of this study?Delayed cardiovascular responses occur following a single bout of remote ischaemic preconditioning (RIPC). Is heart rate variability (HRV), a surrogate marker of cardiac vagal control, able to detect a delayed effect after a single bout of RIPC? Do repeated bouts of RIPC further alter HRV? What is the main finding and its importance?Indices of HRV indicated a shift in sympathovagal balance toward greater parasympathetic activity following 2 weeks of RIPC but not after a single bout of RIPC. Thus, repeated bouts of RIPC were necessary to elicit changes in autonomic function. Abstract Remote ischaemic preconditioning (RIPC), induced by brief periods of ischaemia followed by reperfusion, protects against ischaemia–reperfusion injury and improves microvascular function. However, the effect of RIPC on autonomic function remains unclear. We hypothesized that RIPC, administered as a single bout or repeated over a 2‐week period, will increase markers of cardiac vagal control measured by heart rate variability (HRV). Thirty‐two young adults performed a single bout (n = 13), repeated bouts (n = 11), or served as a time control (n = 8). RIPC sessions consisted of four repetitions of 5 min unilateral brachial artery occlusion interspersed by 5 min of reperfusion. For the single bout protocol, resting lead II electrocardiogram (ECG) was collected before and 24, 48, 72 and 168 h post‐RIPC. The repeated bout protocol consisted of three 4‐day periods of RIPC training, each interspersed by a 1‐day break. Similar to time controls, ECG was collected before and 24 h after the last RIPC bout. HRV was analysed by power spectral density and symbolic dynamics using 350‐beat ECG segments. After a single bout of RIPC, no changes in HRV were observed at any time point (P > 0.05). After 2 weeks of repeated RIPC, the percentage of zero‐variation fragments (baseline = 13.1 ± 1.9%, post‐RIPC = 6.9 ± 1.5%, P < 0.05) and the LF/HF ratio decreased (baseline = 1.1 ± 0.2, post‐RIPC = 0.7 ± 0.1, P < 0.01), whereas the percentage of two‐variation fragments increased (baseline = 42.9 ± 3.6%, post‐RIPC = 52.5 ± 3.0%, P < 0.01). These data indicate that repeated RIPC is necessary to elicit changes in sympathovagal balance, specifically resulting in increased vagal and decreased sympathetic activity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Two weeks of remote ischaemic preconditioning alters sympathovagal balance in healthy humans

Gardner

Sabino‐Carvalho

Kim

et al. 2020

Experimental Physiology

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“…As a result, sympathetically-maintained vasoconstriction leads to insufficient blood flow for working muscles, producing muscle hypoxia and increased oxidative stress, which in turn can maintain nociceptive stimuli [173]. On the contrary, increased vagal (parasympathetic) tone is important for post-exercise recovery [174][175][176][177][178][179]. As previously mentioned, a number of adaptions occur in response to exercise, which result in changes in ANS activity.…”

Section: The Potential Role Of the Autonomic Nervous System In The Interplay Between Oxidative Stress Exercise And Painmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Interplay between Oxidative Stress, Exercise, and Pain in Health and Disease: Potential Role of Autonomic Regulation and Epigenetic Mechanisms

et al. 2020

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Oxidative stress can be induced by various stimuli and altered in certain conditions, including exercise and pain. Although many studies have investigated oxidative stress in relation to either exercise or pain, the literature presents conflicting results. Therefore, this review critically discusses existing literature about this topic, aiming to provide a clear overview of known interactions between oxidative stress, exercise, and pain in healthy people as well as in people with chronic pain, and to highlight possible confounding factors to keep in mind when reflecting on these interactions. In addition, autonomic regulation and epigenetic mechanisms are proposed as potential mechanisms of action underlying the interplay between oxidative stress, exercise, and pain. This review highlights that the relation between oxidative stress, exercise, and pain is poorly understood and not straightforward, as it is dependent on the characteristics of exercise, but also on which population is investigated. To be able to compare studies on this topic, strict guidelines should be developed to limit the effect of several confounding factors. This way, the true interplay between oxidative stress, exercise, and pain, and the underlying mechanisms of action can be revealed and validated via independent studies.

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“…Therefore, a method that improves vagal cardiac control in endurance athletes could be advantageous. IPC increases rapid cardiac vagal reactivation after exercise at exercise intensities below the lactate threshold in endurance runners [31].…”

Section: About Physical Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Ischemic Preconditioning in Cardiac and Skeletal Muscle Induced by Exercise

Sampieri-Cabrera¹,

Lopez‐Toledo²,

Aceves-Hernández³

et al. 2020

Cardiorespiratory Fitness

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Since it was discovered, ischemic preconditioning (IPC) has motivated research groups around the world to develop preconditioning protocols capable of protecting tissues against prolonged insults. In 31 years of study, promising results have been obtained on the beneficial role of the CPI and the mechanisms involved in its regulation. Also, different preconditioning protocols that have obtained results similar to the classic CPI have been developed, among which is the exercise-induced preconditioning (EP), that has been proven to protect the heart against an insult, mitigate the atrophy of the heart muscle and increase physical performance in athletes and/or athletes.

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Ischemic preconditioning boosts post-exercise but not resting cardiac vagal control in endurance runners

Cited by 11 publications

References 46 publications

Two weeks of remote ischaemic preconditioning alters sympathovagal balance in healthy humans

Two weeks of remote ischaemic preconditioning alters sympathovagal balance in healthy humans

The Interplay between Oxidative Stress, Exercise, and Pain in Health and Disease: Potential Role of Autonomic Regulation and Epigenetic Mechanisms

Ischemic Preconditioning in Cardiac and Skeletal Muscle Induced by Exercise

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