Islam in Ethiopia

In a section devoted to the letters of appointment (tawâqî') and the commendations (wasâyâ) for the leaders of the Dhimmîs in Egypt (Subh, vol. xi, PP- 385-405). Qalqashandî notes that these are written on quarto size paper (qat'ath-thulth), with the leaders' honorific titles and an opening tahmîd. The three subsections deal respectively with the Headship of the Jews, the Patriarchate of the Melkite Christians and the Patriarchate of the Jacobite, sc. the Coptic, Christians.

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The ‘Mad Mullah’ and Northern Somalia

Hess¹

1964

J. Afr. Hist.

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In the first two decades of the twentieth century the affairs of northern Somalia were dominated by the politico-religious movement led by Muhammad Abdullah Hassan. The ‘Mad Mullah’, as he was styled by the British, proved to be an elusive adversary and at one time forced the British to evacuate their Somaliland Protectorate. The Italians too were concerned about the Mullah's dervishes, who disturbed the peace of Italy's two nominal protectorates, the sultanates of Obbia and the Mijertein, and of their colony in southern Somalia. At one time the Italians found a temporary solution to the problem by granting the Mullah the Nogal Territory in northern Italian Somaliland. For the Ethiopians the Mullah's movement posed a threat to their Empire's expansion eastward to the Indian Ocean because of its appeal for support from among the Ogaden Somalis. Although the Mullah's recruits were mostly Darod Somalis, for Somalis of other tribes he was not only the agent of a not always acceptable religious movement, but also the symbol of political revolt against foreign domination of any kind. Today the Mullah is regarded as a forerunner of contemporary Somali nationalism.

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Islam in Ethiopia

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The ‘Mad Mullah’ and Northern Somalia

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