“…Chakraborty & Zempi, 2012;Laxer, 2016;Moors, 2009), or narratives of national belonging (Korteweg & Yurdakul, 2014). The proposals and debates leading to France's burka ban are particularly well researched, revealing reformulations in French notions of security and public order (Fredette, 2015), shifting meanings of secularism (Tissot, 2011;Valdéz, 2016), the construction of a "Republican Islam" and a "radical Islamism" (Selby, 2011), and contradictory feminist arguments about the burka in relation to patriarchy and the oppression of women (Spohn, 2013). Research on those directly affected by European burka policies is limited, with Brems (2014) an important exception providing studies of women who wear the burka in France, Belgium, the Netherlands, the UK and Denmark.…”