MotivationThrough a Fiji case analysis, this article elaborates on how well‐intentioned foreign aid initiatives can result in maladaptation for local communities. When most well‐intentioned foreign aid institutions become aware of development problems in the Pacific Island Countries, they start planning development interventions. Where there is insufficient community input, however, maladaptation can occur creating conditions that worsen situations and make communities more vulnerable.PurposeThe study highlights a way to enhance the sustainability and effectiveness of development projects with local communities by analysing two case studies, including a Civil Society Organisation (CSO) driven community project and a corresponding Community Driven Development (CDD) project in Fiji.Approach and methodsThe researcher engaged in community field studies whilst working as a civil servant in Fiji for twelve years, and has continued these studies as a researcher for five years. The data used in this article is both experiential and research‐based. Action research took place when the author supported Community Driven Development (CCD) programmes based on traditional farming. This study provides a longitudinal view including critical auto ethnography and talanoa.FindingsThis study finds that the CSO did not appreciate community aspirations and local knowledge, leading to community maladaptation in response to their programme intervention. By contrast, Community Driven Development (CDD) in the same locale saw community members take control of strategising, carrying out development activities and monitoring. This contributed directly to community resilience and collective well‐being, in addition to making the CDD activities more sustainable than those reliant on donor funding.Policy implicationsThis article showcases the value of CDD for Pacific communities, and the importance of accounting for local aspirations and worldviews. Thus, policies in PICs should ensure that any community development programmes respect people's culture and understands their notions of well‐being and resilience, thus contributed to more self‐determined development.